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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences >Discrimination between nociceptive reflexes and more complex responses consistent with pain in crustaceans
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Discrimination between nociceptive reflexes and more complex responses consistent with pain in crustaceans

机译：伤害反射之间的歧视和更复杂的反应与甲壳类动物的疼痛一致

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摘要

Animals have quick-acting nociceptive reflexes that protect them from tissue damage. Some taxa have also evolved the capacity for pain. Pain appears to be linked to long-term changes in motivation brought about by the aversive nature of the experience. Pain presumably enhances long-term protection through behaviour modification based, in part, on memory. However, crustaceans have long been viewed as responding purely by reflex and thus not experiencing pain. This paper considers behavioural and physiological criteria that distinguish nociception from potential pain in this taxon. These include trade-offs with other motivational systems and prolonged motivational change. Complex, prolonged grooming or rubbing demonstrate the perception of the specific site of stimulus application. Recent evidence of fitness-enhancing, anxiety-like states is also consistent with the idea of pain. Physiological changes in response to noxious stimuli mediate some of the behavioural change. Rapid avoidance learning and prolonged memory indicate central processing rather than mere reflexes. Thus, available data go beyond the idea of just nociception. However, the impossibility of total proof of pain described in ways appropriate for our own species means that pain in crustaceans is still disputed. Pain in animals should be defined in ways that do not depend on human pain experience.
机译：动物具有快速作用的伤害反应，可以保护它们免受组织损伤。一些分类群也进化了痛苦的能力。痛苦似乎与经验的厌恶性质带来的长期变化有关。疼痛可能会通过基于内存的行为修改提高长期保护。然而，甲壳类动物长期被视为纯粹通过反射来响应，因此没有经历疼痛。本文考虑了与该分类群体中潜在疼痛区分伤害的行为和生理学标准。这些包括与其他动机系统的权衡和长期的动机变化。复杂，长时间的梳理或摩擦证明了刺激应用的特定部位的看法。最近健身增强的证据，与痛苦的想法也是一致的。对有害刺激的应对的生理变化调解一些行为变革。快速避免学习和延长记忆表明中央处理而非仅仅是反应。因此，可用数据超出了仅仅是伤害的想法。然而，以适合我们自己物种的方式描述的疼痛的总证明是不可能的，这意味着甲壳类动物的疼痛仍然有争议。动物的疼痛应该以不依赖于人类疼痛经验的方式定义。

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