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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences >Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour
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Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour

机译：将线粒体基因型连接到表型：复杂的努力

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摘要

Finding causal links between genotype and phenotype is a major issue in biology, even more in mitochondrial biology. First of all, mitochondria form complex networks, undergoing fission and fusion and we do not know how such dynamics influence the distribution of mtDNA variants across the mitochondrial network and how they affect the phenotype. Second, the non-Mendelian inheritance of mitochondrial genes can have sex-specific effects and the mechanism of mitochondrial inheritance is still poorly understood, so it is not clear how selection and/or drift act on mtDNA genetic variation in each generation. Third, we still do not know how mtDNA expression is regulated; there is growing evidence for a convoluted mechanism that includes RNA editing, mRNA stability/turnover, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Fourth, mitochondrial activity differs across species as a result of several interacting processes such as drift, adaptation, genotype-by-environment interactions, mitonuclear coevolution and epistasis. This issue will cover several aspects of mitochondrial biology along the path from genotype to phenotype, and it is subdivided into four sections focusing on mitochondrial genetic variation, on the relationship among mitochondria, germ line and sex, on the role of mitochondria in adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, and on some future perspectives in mitochondrial research. This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour'.
机译：发现基因型和表型之间的因果关系是生物学中的一个主要问题，甚至更多的线粒体生物学。首先，线粒体形成复杂的网络，正在进行裂变和融合，我们不知道这种动态如何影响线粒体网络中MTDNA变体的分布以及它们如何影响表型。其次，非孟德利的线粒体基因的遗传可以具有性别特异性效果，并且线粒体遗传的机制仍然不明显，因此目前尚不清楚如何选择和/或漂移对每代MTDNA遗传变异的影响。第三，我们仍然不知道MTDNA表达如何受到监管;具有越来越多的证据表明，包括RNA编辑，mRNA稳定性/营业额，转录后和翻译后修饰。第四，由于几种相互作用的方法，例如漂移，适应，基因型 - 环境相互作用，网状核心区分和超越的若干相互作用方法，线粒体活性不同。该问题将沿着基因型到表型的路径涵盖线粒体生物学的几个方面，并且它被细分为关注线粒体遗传变异的四个部分，对线粒体，细菌和性别的关系，对线粒体在适应和表型的作用上的关系可塑性，以及对线粒体研究的未来观点。本文是主题问题的一部分“将线粒体基因型与表型联系起来：复杂的努力”。

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