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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences >Defences against brood parasites from a social immunity perspective
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Defences against brood parasites from a social immunity perspective

机译：防止育雏寄生虫从社会免疫视角

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摘要

Parasitic interactions are so ubiquitous that all multicellular organisms have evolved a system of defences to reduce their costs, whether the parasites they encounter are the classic parasites which feed on the individual, or brood parasites which usurp parental care. Many parallels have been drawn between defences deployed against both types of parasite, but typically, while defences against classic parasites have been selected to protect survival, those against brood parasites have been selected to protect the parent's inclusive fitness, suggesting that the selection pressures they impose are fundamentally different. However, there is another class of defences against classic parasites that have specifically been selected to protect an individual's inclusive fitness, known as social immunity. Social immune responses include the anti-parasite defences typically provided for others in kin-structured groups, such as the antifungal secretions produced by termite workers to protect the brood. Defences against brood parasites, therefore, are more closely aligned with social immune responses. Much like social immunity, host defences against brood parasitism are employed by a donor (a parent) for the benefit of one or more recipients (typically kin), and as with social defences against classic parasites, defences have therefore evolved to protect the donor's inclusive fitness, not the survival or ultimately the fitness of individual recipients This can lead to severe conflicts between the different parties, whose interests are not always aligned. Here, we consider defences against brood parasitism in the light of social immunity, at different stages of parasite encounter, addressing where conflicts occur and how they might be resolved. We finish with considering how this approach could help us to address longstanding questions in our understanding of brood parasitism.
机译：寄生相互作用是如此泛滥，所有多细胞生物都已经发展了一种防御系统，以降低其成本，它们是否遇到的寄生虫是患有篡改父母护理的寄生虫的经典寄生虫。在针对两种类型的寄生虫的防御中绘制了许多平行，但通常选择防御经典寄生虫以保护存活率，因此已经选择了对阵托管寄生虫的人来保护父母的包容性健身，而是它们施加的选择压力从根本上不同。然而，还有另一类防治经典寄生虫，专门被选中以保护个人的包容性健身，称为社会免疫​​力。社会免疫反应包括通常为其中其他人提供的抗寄生虫防御，例如通过白蚁工人生产的抗真菌分泌物来保护育雏。因此，对育雏寄生虫的防御与社会免疫反应更紧密地对齐。与社会豁免相似，捐助者（父母）雇用托管寄生派的主持人抗辩，以获得一个或多个接受者（通常是亲属），并且与经典寄生虫的社会辩护一样，因此，辩护使得防御以保护捐助者的包容性健身，而不是个人收件人的生存或最终的健身，这可能导致不同方之间的严重冲突，其利益并不总是对齐。在这里，我们考虑在寄生虫遭遇的不同阶段的社会免疫力下防止育雏寄生派，解决冲突发生的地方以及如何解决它们。考虑到考虑到这种方法如何帮助我们解决我们对育房寄生派的理解中的长期问题。

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