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首页> 外文期刊>Physica Scripta: An International Journal for Experimental and Theoretical Physics >Are inertial forces ever of significance in cricket, golf and other sports?
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Are inertial forces ever of significance in cricket, golf and other sports?

机译：在板球，高尔夫和其他运动中有重要的惯性力量？

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In previous papers we investigated the motion of a spherical projectile rotating about an arbitrary axis, subject to a drag force, a lift or Magnus force, and in the presence of a wind. The aim was to determine the motion of balls used in sporting games, primarily cricket. Newton's laws of motion apply in an inertial (unaccelerated) coordinate system, but the rotating Earth is not an inertial system. In such a non-inertial system two additional forces are present, the Coriolis force which produces a side-ways movement, and the centrifugal force. Generally these two inertial forces produce noticeable effects only on the large scale, when either the time of travel and/or the path length is large. In this paper we have added both of these forces to the equations of motion. In addition, we have also included a ground friction force in order to simulate a ball rolling over a surface or, more generally, a body moving through a resistive medium such as water. Here we quantitatively investigate the magnitude and direction of the effect of the inertial forces in a number of cases. It is found that, as expected, the effects of the inertial forces are generally small for ball games. In cricket the side-ways movement is less than or similar to 1. cm for a throw from the boundary and less than or similar to 1. mm for a slow bowler's delivery, and for a long drive in golf it is less than or similar to 10. cm. In lawn bowls the side-ways movement can be similar to 2.8. cm, which may be significant, given the nature of this sport. The inertial forces are also potentially of relevance in sporting events not employing spherical projectiles. For example, in Olympic rowing we find that the side-ways movement can be more than 40. m for a 2. km race if it is not compensated for, and nearly 20. m for a 4. min mile event in athletics. The effect is also of significance in events such as swimming and horse racing. The importance of this is that athletes may not be aware of the effect and, in the case of rowing for example, may attribute it to side-ways currents, winds, or a deficiency in their rowing style. As a further complication, the magnitude of the side-ways movement is latitude dependent and its direction is hemisphere dependent, being to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.
机译：在先前的论文中，我们调查了绕任意轴旋转的球形射弹的运动，受拖动力，提升或马格努力，以及在风的情况下。目的是确定运动游戏中使用的球的运动，主要是板球。牛顿的运动定律适用于惯性（未被燃道）的坐标系，但旋转地球不是惯性系统。在这种非惯性系统中，存在两种额外的力，这是产生侧向运动的科里奥利力和离心力。通常，当旅行时间和/或路径长度大时，这两个惯性力仅在大规模上产生显着的效果。在本文中，我们将这两个力添加到运动方程中。另外，我们还包括地摩擦力，以模拟表面上的球滚动，或者更一般地，移动穿过诸如水的电阻介质的主体。在这里，我们定量研究惯性力在许多情况下效果的大小和方向。结果发现，正如预期的那样，惯性力的影响通常是球比赛的效果。在板球上的侧面运动小于或类似于1.厘米，用于从边界的抛出，小于或类似于1. mm，对于慢速球员的交付，并且对于高尔夫球的长驾驶，它小于或相似到10厘米。在草坪碗中，侧面方式运动可以类似于2.8。鉴于这项运动的性质，CM可能很重要。惯性力也可能与不采用球形炮弹的体育赛事中的相关性。例如，在奥林匹克划船中，如果没有补偿，则侧面方式的运动可能超过40.米的比赛。这些效果在游泳和赛马等事件中也具有重要意义。重要的是，运动员可能无法意识到效果，例如，在划船的情况下，可以将其归因于划船风格的侧向电流，风或不足。作为进一步的并发症，侧向运动的大小是纬度依赖性，其方向是半球依赖于半球，在北半球和南半球左侧的右侧。

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