Proton-induced nonelastic cross sections for C-12, Al-27, Fe-56, and Pb-208 are investigated in a low-energy region below 100 MeV down to nearly 0 MeV based on a framework of an intranuclear cascade (INC) model. We point out that there is a scaling among the calculations including the Coulomb repulsion; two cases are shown: One is the scaling of the trajectories with different impact parameters, and the other is the incident-energy dependence of the cross sections. We point out for the first time that the calculated cross sections by the usual INC model follow a scaling and the discrepancy between the calculated cross sections and the experimental data indicates the scale breaking and that, for the explanation of the scale breaking, it is essential to include the discrete level constraints in addition to the Coulomb repulsion in the INC model.
展开▼
