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Mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci for phosphorus efficiency in crops: opportunities and challenges

机译：作物中磷效率定量特质基因座的测绘与克隆：机遇与挑战

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BackgroundPhosphorus (P) is an essential mineral element required in large quantities by plants. Globally, the availability of P in many soils is poor. Breeding crops that can acquire and utilise this limited resource with high efficiency is an important goal for agricultural sustainability in the future. The mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) provides an effective tool in analyzing the genetic mechanisms underlying P efficiency and breeding P-efficient varieties.ScopeThis paper describes the QTL mapping of traits related to P efficiency which impact on shoot biomass or yield of crops in the past 20 years. It summarises the progress of studies on crop P-efficiency related QTLs and discusses the challenges for the cloning of QTLs. It proposes a scheme to develop crop genotypes with improved P efficiency. It also describes emerging methods, such as QTL-seq, genome-wide association analysis, and RNA-seq, that aid the rapid identification of P-efficiency related genes in crops.ConclusionTraits conferring P efficiency are heritable. Thus, it is feasible to incorporate phenotyping and selection for P efficiency in crop breeding programs. Identification of QTLs for target traits is a key step to enhancing the P efficiency of crops. Numerous QTLs have been identified that affect P efficiency in key crops, but few causal genes have been identified and breeding P-efficient crop varieties using marker-assisted selection (MAS) has not progressed far. The challenge now is to identify the specific genes controlling P-efficiency related traits. The availability of complete genome sequences for more crops, and the combination of conventional linkage mapping, association mapping, QTL-seq, transcriptomics and gene editing technologies can accelerate the cloning and confirmation of genes underlying QTL affecting P-efficiency related traits. Knowledge of these genes will be helpful in revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying P efficiency in crops, as well as providing the opportunity to improve crop P efficiency through MAS or gene manipulation.
机译：背景磷（P）是植物大量要求的基本矿物质元素。在全球范围内，许多土壤中的P的可用性很差。可以获得和利用该有限资源的育种作物以高效率为未来的农业可持续性的重要目标。定量性状基因座（QTLS）的映射和克隆提供了分析P效率和育种P-效率品种的遗传机制的有效工具。SCOPHETIS纸张描述了与P效率相关的特征的QTL映射，这会影响射击生物量或产量农作物在过去20年。它总结了对作物P效率相关QTL的研究进展，并探讨了QTL克隆的挑战。它提出了一种制定具有改进的P效率的作物基因型的方案。它还描述了QTL-SEQ，基因组关联分析和RNA-SEQ等新出现的方法，这有助于快速鉴定作物中的P效率相关基因。结论赋予P效率是遗传的。因此，在作物育种计划中掺入了P效率的表型化和选择是可行的。 QTL用于靶象性的QTL是增强作物P效率的关键步骤。已经确定了许多QTL，影响关键作物中的P效率，但是已经鉴定了少数因果基因，并使用标记辅助选择（MAS）培育P型作物品种。现在的挑战是识别控制P效率相关性状的特定基因。完全基因组序列的可用性更多的作物，以及常规连杆映射，关联映射，QTL-SEQ，转录组科和基因编辑技术的组合可以加速QTL基因的克隆和确认影响P效率相关性状的基因。对这些基因的知识将有助于揭示作物中P效率的分子机制，以及通过MAS或基因操纵提供改善作物P效率的机会。

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