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首页> 外文期刊>Plant Disease >Epidemiology of Exobasidium Leaf and Fruit Spot of Rabbiteye Blueberry: Pathogen Overwintering, Primary Infection, and Disease Progression on Leaves and Fruit
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Epidemiology of Exobasidium Leaf and Fruit Spot of Rabbiteye Blueberry: Pathogen Overwintering, Primary Infection, and Disease Progression on Leaves and Fruit

机译：兔子叶片叶片叶片流行病学及兔子果实斑点：病原体越冬，原发性感染和叶片进展

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摘要

Epidemiological field studies utilizing disease monitoring, spore trapping, and trap plants were conducted on rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) between 2014 and 2017 to shed light on the epidemiology of Exobasidium leaf and fruit spot, an emerging disease in the southeastern United States caused by the fungus Exobasidium maculosum. Wash plating of field-collected blueberry tissue from the late dormant season through bud expansion showed that the pathogen overwintered epiphytically on blueberryplants in the field, most likely in its yeast-like conidial stage. Agrichemical applications during the dormant season altered epiphytic populations of the pathogen, which correlated directly with leaf spot incidence later in the spring. Disease monitoring of field plants and weekly exposure of potted trap plants revealed that young leaves at the mouse-ear stage were most susceptible to infection, that disease incidence on leaves progressed monocyclically, and that infection periods were associated with rainfall variables such as the number of days per week with a 1.0 mm of rain or cumulative weekly rainfall. Weekly sporetrapping with an Andersen sampler showed that airborne inoculum was detected only after sporulating leaf lesions producing basidiospores were present in the field, suggesting that the primary inoculum is not airborne. The first symptoms on young, green fruit were observed soon after petal fall (requiring removal of the waxy fruit layer to visualize lesions), and visible disease progress on fruit was delayed by 1 to 3 weeks relative to that on leaves. Fruit infection of field plants and trap plants occurred before airborne propagules were detected by spore trapping and before sporulating leaf lesions were present in the field. Hence, this study showed that fruit infections are initiated by the same initial inoculum as leaf infections but it was not possible to conclusively exclude the possibility of a contribution of basidiospore inoculum from leaf lesions to disease progress on later developing fruit. This is one of only a few studies addressing the epidemiology and disease cycle of an Exobasidium sp.in a pathosystem where artificial inoculation has not been possible to date.
机译：利用疾病监测，孢子捕获和陷阱植物的流行病学田间研究在2014年和2017年间兔子植物叶和果实斑的流行病学揭示了由Exobasidium叶片和果实点的流行病学，这是由东南部造成的新兴疾病真菌exobasidium maculosum。通过芽扩张从晚期休眠季节洗涤田间收集的蓝莓组织显示，病原体在现场的蓝莓果岭内涂上又乳糖，最有可能在其酵母状分枝阶段。在休眠季期间的农业应用改变了病原体的果实群，其在春天后面直接与叶斑发射发生率相关。植物植物的疾病监测和盆栽陷阱植物的每周暴露揭示了小鼠耳舞台上的幼叶最容易感染，这种疾病在叶片上的发病率进展单核，并且感染时期与降雨变量有关每周雨量为1.0毫米的雨或累计每周降雨。与Andersen采样器的每周Sporetrapper显示，只有在沼泽地孢子孢子存在于该领域之后，才检测到空机接种物，表明初级接种物不是空气传播的。在花瓣下降（需要去除蜡质果白层以使病变的去除以使病变的去除）不仅观察到杨氏的第一个症状，而且相对于叶片相对于该果实的可见疾病进展延迟了1至3周。在通过孢子捕获和孢子叶片存在之前，在空气中繁殖之前发生田间植物和陷阱植物的果实感染。因此，该研究表明，果实感染通过与叶感染相同的初始接种物引发，但是不可能得出不可能地排除碱性孢子接种物在叶病变中促进疾病进展的可能性在后来的发展果实。这是少数几项研究，解决了exobasidium sp.in的流行病学和疾病循环。在人工接种迄今为止的情况下的一种遗传系统中。

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  • 来源
    《Plant Disease》 |2019年第6期|共9页
  • 作者

    R. J. Ingram; H. D. Ludwig; H. Sclierm;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens GA;

    Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens GA;

    Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens GA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 植物保护;
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