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Nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) plasmas

机译：核诊断惯性监禁融合（ICF）等离子体

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摘要

The field of nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) is broadly reviewed from its beginning in the seventies to present day. During this time, the sophistication of the ICF facilities and the suite of nuclear diagnostics have substantially evolved, generally a consequence of the efforts and experience gained on previous facilities. As the fusion yields have increased several orders of magnitude during these years, the quality of the nuclear-fusion-product measurements has improved significantly, facilitating an increased level of understanding about the physics governing the nuclear phase of an ICF implosion. The field of ICF has now entered an era where the fusion yields are high enough for nuclear measurements to provide spatial, temporal and spectral information, which have proven indispensable to understanding the performance of an ICF implosion. At the same time, the requirements on the nuclear diagnostics have also become more stringent. To put these measurements into context, this review starts by providing some historical remarks about the field of ICF and the role of nuclear diagnostics, followed by a brief overview of the basic physics that characterize the nuclear phase and performance of an ICF implosion. A technical discussion is subsequently presented of the neutron, gamma-ray, charged-particle and radiochemistry diagnostics that are, or have been, routinely used in the field of ICF. This discussion is followed by an elaboration of the current view of the next-generation nuclear diagnostics. Since the seventies, the overall progress made in the areas of nuclear diagnostics and scientific understanding of an ICF implosion has been enormous, and with the implementation of new high-fusion-yield facilities world-wide, the next-generation nuclear diagnostics will play an even more important role for decades to come.
机译：惯性监禁融合（ICF）的核诊断领域从七十年代开始广泛地审查了今天。在此期间，ICF设施和核诊断套件的复杂性大幅发展，一般来说，在以前的设施上获得的努力和经验。随着融合产量在这些年内增加了几个数量级，随着核融合 - 产品测量的质量显着提高，促进了对ICF内爆核阶段的物理学的升高程度。 ICF领域现已进入了融合产量足够高的核测量以提供空间，时间和光谱信息的时代，这已经证明了了解ICF Instilion的性能不可或缺。与此同时，对核诊断的要求也变得更加严格。要将这些测量结果进入背景下，本综述开始通过提供关于ICF领域的历史评论和核诊断的作用，然后简要概述表征核阶段的基本物理和ICF Incleico的性能。随后介绍了技术讨论的中子，γ射线，带电粒子和放射化学诊断，这些诊断或已经过于ICF的领域。然后讨论阐述了下一代核诊断的当前观点。自七十年代以来，在核诊断和对ICF爆炸的科学理解方面取得的总体进展已经是巨大的，并且随着全球新的高融合产量设施的实施，下一代核诊断将发挥作用几十年来，更重要的作用。

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