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Plasma crystals: experiments and simulation

机译：血浆晶体：实验和模拟

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Dusty plasmas are a well accessible system to study crystallization of charged-particle systems at room temperature. The large mass compared to atomic particles dramatically slows down the particle velocities. The high transparency of the system allows to trace simultaneously the motion of all particles with quasi-atomic resolution. After a brief overview, the progress in this field is exemplified by studies of spherical three-dimensional plasma crystals, the so-called Yukawa balls. The static structure and eigenmodes are explained in simple terms. It is shown that shielding modifies the expansion of a Yukawa ball from a self-similar explosion to a continuous ablation process that starts at the surface. The experimental progress with three-dimensional diagnostics and laser heating and sophisticated methods for visualising the order inside the shell structure are described. Together with quantifying the diffusion coefficient these investigations reveal the details of the solid-liquid phase transition. Besides thermodynamic aspects, the liquid phase of dusty plasmas also gives access to hydrodynamic phenomena at the individual particle scale.
机译：尘土飞扬的等离子体是一种良好的可访问系统，可以在室温下研究带电粒子系统的结晶。与原子颗粒相比的大质量显着减缓了颗粒速度。系统的高透明度允许同时追踪所有颗粒的运动以准原子分辨率。简要概述后，该领域的进展情况是通过对球形三维等离子体晶体的研究，所谓的Yukawa球的研究表明。简单术语解释了静态结构和特征模。结果表明，屏蔽改变了从自相似爆炸到从表面开始的连续消融过程的延伸的延长。描述了具有三维诊断和激光加热和用于可视化壳结构内的顺序的复杂方法的实验进展。与量化扩散系数一起，这些研究揭示了固液相转变的细节。除了热力学方面，尘埃等离子体的液相也可以在各个颗粒规模上获得流体动力现象。

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