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Evolution of plasma wakes in density up- and down-ramps

机译：等离子体的进化升高和下坡道

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The time evolution of plasma wakes in density up-and down-ramps is examined through theory and particle-in-cell simulations. Motivated by observation of the reversal of a linear plasma wake in a plasma density upramp in a recent experiment (Zhang et al 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 064801) we have examined the behaviour of wakes in plasma ramps that always accompany any plasma source used for plasma-based acceleration. In the up-ramp case it is found that, after the passage of the drive pulse, the wavnumber/wavelength of the wake starts to decrease/increase with time until it eventually tends to zero/infinity, then the wake reverses its propagation direction and the wavenunber/wavelength of the wake begins to increase/shrink. The evolutions of the wavenumber and the phase velocity of the wake as functions of time are shown to be significantly different in the up-ramp and the down-ramp cases. In the latter case the wavenumber of the wake at a particular position in the ramp increases until the wake is eventually damped. It is also shown that the waveform of the wake at a particular time after being excited can be precisely controlled by tuning the initial plasma density profile, which may enable a new type of plasma-based ultrafast optics.
机译：通过理论和粒子 - 细胞仿真检查了血浆唤醒中的血浆唤醒时间的演变。通过观察最近实验中的等离子体密度upramp中的线性等离子体唤醒的逆转（Zhang等人2017 rev. lett。119 064801）我们已经研究了伴随任何等离子源的血浆坡道中唤醒的行为用于基于等离子体的加速度。在上斜面的情况下，发现在驱动脉冲通过之后，唤醒的波浪/波长随时间开始减少/增加，直到它最终倾向于零/无穷大，然后唤醒反转其传播方向和唤醒的波长/波长开始增加/收缩。唤醒作为时间函数的波数和唤醒的阶段速度的演变在上坡和下斜坡壳体中显着不同。在后一种情况下，在斜坡中特定位置处的唤醒的波数增加，直到尾迹最终阻尼。还示出了通过调谐初始等离子体密度分布，可以精确地控制在激发之后的特定时间的唤醒的波形，这可以实现新型的基于等离子体的超空间光学器件。

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