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Isotope effects on L-H threshold and confinement in tokamak plasmas

机译：同位素对L-H阈值的影响和Tokamak等离子体的限制

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The dependence of plasma transport and confinement on the main hydrogenic ion isotope mass is of fundamental importance for understanding turbulent transport and, therefore, for accurate extrapolations of confinement from present tokamak experiments, which typically use a single hydrogen isotope, to burning plasmas such as ITER, which will operate in deuterium-tritium mixtures. Knowledge of the dependence of plasma properties and edge transport barrier formation on main ion species is critical in view of the initial, low-activation phase of ITER operations in hydrogen or helium and of its implications on the subsequent operation in deuterium-tritium. The favourable scaling of global energy confinement time with isotope mass, which has been observed in many tokamak experiments, remains largely unexplained theoretically. Moreover, the mass scaling observed in experiments varies depending on the plasma edge conditions. In preparation for upcoming deuterium-tritium experiments in the JET tokamak with the ITER-like Be/W Wall (JET-ILW), a thorough experimental investigation of isotope effects in hydrogen, deuterium and tritium plasmas is being carried out, in order to provide stringent tests of plasma energy, particle and momentum transport models. Recent hydrogen and deuterium isotope experiments in JET-ILW on L-H power threshold, L-mode and H-mode confinement are reviewed and discussed in the context of past and more recent isotope experiments in tokamak plasmas, highlighting common elements as well as contrasting observations that have been reported. The experimental findings are discussed in the context of fundamental aspects of plasma transport models.
机译：等离子体传输和禁闭对主要氢离子同位素质量的依赖性是对理解湍流运输的基本重要性，因此，为了准确地从目前的托卡马克实验中预告，这通常使用单一的氢同位素，燃烧等离子体，这将在氘氚混合物中运行。考虑到氢气或氦气中的初始，低激活阶段以及其对氘 - 氚在后续操作的初始低激活阶段，对主离子物种对主离子物种的依赖性的认识至关重要。在许多Tokamak实验中观察到具有同位素质量的全球能量限制时间的有利缩放，从理论上仍然在很大程度上仍然是未解释的。此外，在实验中观察到的质量缩放根据等离子体边缘条件而变化。为准备使用浸泡的BE / W壁（Jet-ILW）即将到来的氘氚实验（Jet-ILW），正在进行氢，氘和氚等离子体中同位素作用的彻底实验研究，以提供严格的等离子体能量，粒子和动量运输模型试验。最近的氢气和氘同位素在LH功率阈值下的Jet-ILW中的实验，L-Mode和H模式限制在托卡马克等离子体中的过去和更新的同位素实验中进行了综述，探讨了普遍的元素以及对比观察已经汇报过。在等离子体传输模型的基本方面的背景下讨论了实验结果。

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