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首页> 外文期刊>Primates >Run, hide, or fight: anti-predation strategies in endangered red-nosed cuxiA (Chiropotes albinasus, Pitheciidae) in southeastern Amazonia
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Run, hide, or fight: anti-predation strategies in endangered red-nosed cuxiA (Chiropotes albinasus, Pitheciidae) in southeastern Amazonia

机译：逃跑，隐藏或战斗：亚马东省东南部的濒危红鼻毛皮（Chiropotesbalinasus，Pitheciidae）的抗掠夺策略

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Although primate predation is rarely observed, a series of primate anti-predation strategies have been described. Energetic costs of such strategies can vary from high-cost mobbing, via less costly alarm calling, to low-cost furtive concealment. Here we report the anti-predation strategies of red-nosed cuxiu, Chiropotes albinasus, based on direct observations from four study sites in southeastern Brazilian Amazonia. Over a collective period of 1255 fieldwork hours, we observed nine direct interactions between raptors (all potential predators) and red-nosed cuxius. Of these, one (11%) resulted in predation. Raptors involved were: Harpia harpyja (four events), Leucopternis sp. (two events), Spizaetus tyrannus (one event), and unidentified large raptors (two events). Predation attempts occurred in flooded-forest and terra firme rainforest, were directed at both adult and non-adult cuxius, and involved both adult and juvenile raptors. Anti-predation strategies adopted by the cuxiAs included: (1) group defence and mobbing behaviour (two occasions), (2) dropping into dense sub-canopy (seven occasions), (3) alarm calling (eight occasions), and (4) fleeing to, and hiding in, dense vegetation (eight occasions). During each encounter at least two of these behaviours were recorded. These are the first published records of predation, predation attempts, and anti-predator behaviour involving red-nosed cuxiA.
机译：虽然很少观察到灵长类动物捕食，但已经描述了一系列灵长类动物的抗掠夺策略。这种策略的精力成本可能因高成本盗用而不等，通过较低的昂贵的报警呼叫，以低成本的偷偷摸摸的隐藏。在这里，我们报告了红鼻苏苏，Chiropotes Albinasus的抗掠夺策略，基于巴西亚马西亚东南部的四个研究遗迹的直接观察。在1255年的集体期间，我们观察到猛龙队（所有潜在捕食者）和红鼻子的九个直接相互作用。其中，一（11％）导致捕食。涉及的猛禽是：Harpia Harpyja（四场比赛），leucopternis sp。 （两个事件），Spizaetus Tyrannus（一个事件）和未识别的大型猛禽（两个事件）。洪水森林和地带雨林发生的捕食企图是针对成人和非成年人的慈杉，以及成人和少年猛龙队。核心罪恶所采用的反捕食策略：（1）小组防御和盗用行为（两次），（2）落入密集的子遮篷（七场），（3）报警呼叫（8场）和（4 ）逃离，隐藏，密集的植被（八次）。在每次遇到至少两个行为中都被记录。这些是涉及红鼻泌尿病的第一次公布的捕食记录，捕食尝试和抗捕食者行为。

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