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首页> 外文期刊>Primates >Beneficial effect of hot spring bathing on stress levels in Japanese macaques
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Beneficial effect of hot spring bathing on stress levels in Japanese macaques

机译：温泉沐浴对日本猕猴胁迫水平的有益效果

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The ability of animals to survive dramatic climates depends on their physiology, morphology and behaviour, but is often influenced by the configuration of their habitat. Along with autonomic responses, thermoregulatory behaviours, including postural adjustments, social aggregation, and use of trees for shelter, help individuals maintain homeostasis across climate variations. Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) are the world's most northerly species of nonhuman primates and have adapted to extremely cold environments. Given that thermoregulatory stress can increase glucocorticoid concentrations in primates, we hypothesized that by using an available hot spring, Japanese macaques could gain protection against weather-induced cold stress during winter. We studied 12 adult female Japanese macaques living in Jigokudani Monkey Park, Japan, during the spring birth season (April to June) and winter mating season (October to December). We collected faecal samples for determination of faecal glucocorticoid (fGC) metabolite concentrations by enzyme immunoassay, as well as behavioural data to determine time spent in the hot springs, dominance rank, aggression rates, and affiliative behaviours. We used nonparametric statistics to examine seasonal changes in hot spring bathing, and the relationship between rank and air temperature on hot spring bathing. We used general linear mixed-effect models to examine factors impacting hormone concentrations. We found that Japanese macaques use hot spring bathing for thermoregulation during the winter. In the studied troop, the single hot spring is a restricted resource favoured by dominant females. High social rank had both costs and benefits: dominant females sustained high fGC levels, which were associated with high aggression rates in winter, but benefited by priority of access to the hot spring, which was associated with low fGC concentrations and therefore might help reduce energy expenditure and subsequent body heat loss. This unique habit of hot spring bathing by Japanese macaques illustrates how behavioural flexibility can help counter cold climate stress, with likely implications for reproduction and survival.
机译：动物生存戏剧性气候的能力取决于他们的生理学，形态和行为，而且往往受到他们栖息地的配置的影响。随着自主反应，热调节行为，包括姿势调整，社会汇总和树木的庇护所，帮助个人在气候变化中维持稳态。日本猕猴（Macaca Fuscata）是世界上最北方的非人类灵长类动物的最大种类，并适应极度寒冷的环境。鉴于热调节应力可以增加灵长素的糖皮质激素浓度，我们假设通过使用可用的温泉，日本猕猴可以在冬季期间防止天气引起的感冒压力。我们在春季出生季节（4月至6月）和冬季交配季节（10月至12月）期间，我们研究了居住在日本Jigokudani猴公园的成人女性日本猕猴我们通过酶免疫测定和行为数据收集了粪便样品以确定粪便糖皮质激素（FGC）代谢物浓度，以及确定在温泉，优势等级，侵略率和隶属度行为中花费的时间。我们使用非参数统计来检查热弹簧沐浴中的季节变化，以及温泉浴室的等级与空气温度之间的关系。我们使用了一般的线性混合效果模型来检查影响激素浓度的因素。我们发现日本Macaques在冬季使用温泉沐浴温度调节。在研究的队伍中，单温泉是由占优势女性青睐的受限制资源。高社会级别的成本和福利：主导的女性持续高效的FGC水平，与冬季的高侵略率有关，但通过进入温泉的优先权，这与低FGC浓度相关，因此可能有助于减少能量支出和随后的体温损失。日本Macaques的这种独特的温泉沐浴的习惯说明了行为灵活性如何有助于反击冷酷的气候压力，可能对繁殖和生存有可能影响。

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