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Antibiotic use in chicken farms in northwestern China

机译：中国西北部养鸡场的抗生素使用

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Background Misuse of antibiotics in food animals contributes to an increase of antibiotic resistant bacteria transmitting to humans. China is the largest producer and user of antibiotics in the world, of which animals share more than half of the total consumption. This study aimed to explore Chinese farmer's practice of antibiotic use and the factors associated with their use. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, we interviewed farmers from 88 chicken farms in northwestern China. We defined two kinds of misuse: 1) using antibiotics in the Chinese prohibited list, and 2) using antibiotics within the recommended withdrawal period. Factor analysis was used to select farmers' knowledge variables and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with antibiotic misuse. Results All the participating farmers used antibiotics on their farms. Amoxicillin was the most common antibiotic used (76.5%), followed by norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ceftriaxone and oxytetracycline. 75% of farmers used antibiotics in the prohibited list while 14.8% continued to use antibiotics during the withdrawal period. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three patterns of antibiotic use: 1) excessive use of non-prohibited and prohibited antibiotics or an excessive user, 2) low use of a few types of non-prohibited and moderate use of prohibited antibiotics or a low user, 3) multiple use of a variety (>= 7 types) of non-prohibited and prohibited antibiotics or a moderate user. Farmers from medium size, family-based farms, those with a low education level and low income were more likely to misuse antibiotics. Prior formal agricultural training was associated with reducing multiple types of antibiotic use. There was a huge gap between policy and reinforcement causing antibiotic misuse in the study community. Conclusion Antibiotics are commonly used on chicken farms; misuse of antibiotics is high; improvement in farm sanitation, education on antibiotic use for farmers and veterinarians/pharmacists and enforcement of the regulations may reduce antibiotic use on chicken farms in China.
机译：背景滥用食物动物中的抗生素有助于增加传染对人类的抗生素抗菌细菌。中国是世界上抗生素最大的生产者和用户，动物分享超过总消费的一半以上。本研究旨在探索中国农民的抗生素使用的实践和与其使用相关的因素。方法在这种横断面调查中，我们采访了来自中国西北88个养鸡场的农民。我们在禁止禁止名单中使用抗生素的两种误用：1）使用抗生素在推荐的退出期内使用抗生素。因子分析用于选择农民的知识变量，使用多项逻辑回归来确定与抗生素滥用相关的因素。结果所有参与农民在农场使用抗生素。 Amoxicillin是使用最常见的抗生素（76.5％），其次是诺氟沙星，氧氟沙星，头孢曲松和氧化素。 75％的农民在禁止名单中使用抗生素，而14.8％继续在退出期间使用抗生素。分层集群分析显示出三种抗生素使用模式：1）过量使用非禁止和禁止的抗生素或过度使用者，2）低使用几种类型的非禁止和适度使用禁止的抗生素或低用户，3 ）多种使用品种（> = 7种）的非禁止和禁止的抗生素或中等用户。来自中等规模，家庭农场的农民，教育水平低，收入低的人更有可能滥用抗生素。现有的正规农业培训与减少多种类型的抗生素使用有关。政策和强化之间存在巨大差距，导致研究界中的抗生素滥用。结论抗生素常用于养鸡场;滥用抗生素很高;农业卫生的改善，农民抗生素和兽医/药剂师的教育和法规的执行可能会降低中国养鸡场的抗生素使用。

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