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The implicit learning of metrical and non-metrical rhythms in blind and sighted adults

机译：盲人和观象成年人的韵律和非韵律的隐含学习

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摘要

Forming temporal expectancies plays a crucial role in our survival as it allows us to identify the occurrence of temporal deviants that might signal potential dangers. The dynamic attending theory suggests that temporal expectancies are formed more readily for rhythms that imply a beat (i.e., metrical rhythms) compared to those that do not (i.e., nonmetrical rhythms). Moreover, metrical frameworks can be used to detect temporal deviants. Although several studies have demonstrated that congenital or early blindness correlates with modality-specific neural changes that reflect compensatory mechanisms, few have examined whether blind individuals show a learning advantage for auditory rhythms and whether learning can occur unintentionally and without awareness, that is, implicitly. We compared blind to sighted controls in their ability to implicitly learn metrical and nonmetrical auditory rhythms. We reasoned that the loss of sight in blindness might lead to improved sensitivity to rhythms and predicted that the blind learn rhythms more readily than the sighted. We further hypothesized that metrical rhythms are learned more readily than nonmetrical rhythms. Results partially confirmed our predictions; the blind group learned nonmetrical rhythms more readily than the sighted group but the blind group learned metrical rhythms less readily than the sighted group. Only the sighted group learned metrical rhythms more readily than nonmetrical rhythms. The blind group demonstrated awareness of the nonmetrical rhythms while learning was implicit for all other conditions. Findings suggest that improved deviant-sensitivity might have provided the blind group a learning advantage for nonmetrical rhythms. Future research could explore the plastic changes that affect deviance-detection and stimulus-specific adaptation in blindness.
机译：形成时间期望在我们的生存中起着至关重要的作用，因为它允许我们识别可能发出潜在危险的时间偏差的发生。动态参加理论表明，与不（即非常规节律）相比，暗示截至节拍（即，等级节律）的节奏更容易形成时间期望。此外，韵律框架可用于检测时间偏差。虽然有几项研究表明，先天性或早期失明与反映补偿机制的模态特异性神经变化相关，但很少有人检查了盲人是否为听觉节律表现出学习优势，并且在没有意识的情况下，学习是否可以出现学习的优势。我们将视而不见的控件视而不见，他们在他们隐含地学习韵律和非钓鱼节奏的能力中。我们推断失明的视力丧失可能导致对节奏的敏感性提高，并预测盲人比视线更容易地学习节奏。我们进一步假设了比非常规节律更容易地学习的测量节奏。结果部分确认了我们的预测;盲人群体学会了不比视象的群体更容易学习的非竞争节奏，而是盲目的群体学习比视线的群体更不太容易。只有视域的群体学习了比非常规节奏更容易获得的距离节奏。盲人群体表现出对非法节律的认识，而学习则为所有其他条件是隐含的。结果表明，提高的异常灵敏度可能已经为盲目组提供了非法节律的学习优势。未来的研究可以探索影响偏差检测和刺激特异性的塑料变化。

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  • 来源
    《Psychological research》 |2019年第5期|共17页
  • 作者

    Carrara-Augustenborg Claudia; Schultz Benjamin G.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Copenhagen Dept Neurosci &

    Pharmacol Brain Res &

    Integrat Neurosci Lab Blegdamsvej 3 Panum 33-4-90 DK-2200 Copenhagen Denmark;

    Maastricht Univ Fac Psychol &

    Neurosci Dept Neuropsychol &

    Psychopharmacol Basic &

    Appl Neurodynam Lab Maastricht Netherlands;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 心理学;
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