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The molecular choreography of protein synthesis: translational control, regulation, and pathways

机译:蛋白质合成的分子编排:翻译控制,调节和途径

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Translation of proteins by the ribosome regulates gene expression, with recent results underscoring the importance of translational control. Misregulation of translation underlies many diseases, including cancer and many genetic diseases. Decades of biochemical and structural studies have delineated many of the mechanistic details in prokaryotic translation, and sketched the outlines of eukaryotic translation. However, translation may not proceed linearly through a single mechanistic pathway, but likely involves multiple pathways and branchpoints. The stochastic nature of biological processes would allow different pathways to occur during translation that are biased by the interaction of the ribosome with other translation factors, with many of the steps kinetically controlled. These multiple pathways and branchpoints are potential regulatory nexus, allowing gene expression to be tuned at the translational level. As research focus shifts toward eukaryotic translation, certain themes will be echoed from studies on prokaryotic translation. This review provides a general overview of the dynamic data related to prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation, in particular recent findings with single-molecule methods, complemented by biochemical, kinetic, and structural findings. We will underscore the importance of viewing the process through the viewpoints of regulation, translational control, and heterogeneous pathways.
机译:通过核糖体调节基因表达的蛋白质翻译,最近的结果强调了平移控制的重要性。翻译的误解是许多疾病,包括癌症和许多遗传疾病。数十年的生化和结构研究已经描绘了许多机制细节,并绘制了真核翻译的轮廓。然而,翻译可能无法通过单个机制途径线性进行,但可能涉及多种途径和分支点。生物过程的随机性质将允许在翻译期间发生不同的途径,其在核糖体与其他平移因子的相互作用中偏置的平移,其中许多步骤动态控制。这些多种途径和分支点是潜在的调节Nexus,允许在平移水平上进行基因表达。随着研究重点转向真核性翻译,某些主题将从原核翻译研究中回应。该审查提供了与原核和真核转换相关的动态数据的一般性概述,特别是最近具有单分子方法的发现,由生物化学,动力学和结构结果辅成。我们将通过监管,翻译控制和异构途径的观点强调观看该过程的重要性。

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