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首页> 外文期刊>Psychotherapy >'Ghosts' in the Womb: A Mentalizing Approach to Understanding and Treating Prenatal Attachment Disturbances During Pregnancies After Loss
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'Ghosts' in the Womb: A Mentalizing Approach to Understanding and Treating Prenatal Attachment Disturbances During Pregnancies After Loss

机译：在子宫中的“幽灵”：在损失后在怀孕期间理解和治疗产前依恋障碍的精神化方法

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Pregnancies after loss are often characterized by feelings of depression, anxiety, trauma-like symptoms, and problems bonding to the fetus. Difficulties bonding to the unborn baby during pregnancy are of clinical importance because they are predictive of problems in the mother-infant attachment relationship, perhaps explaining why some studies show a higher risk of insecure attachment for babies born after loss. O'Leary (2004) has proposed that problems in prenatal bonding during pregnancies after loss are the result of the challenge these mothers face of having to grieve the loss of one baby while bonding to another. This article argues that the theory of mentalization helps to explain why some parents successfully resolve this central challenge during pregnancies after loss and go on to develop a secure attachment to the next infant, whereas others continue to experience long-term attachment problems. Specifically. pregnancies after loss are conceptualized as a potentially traumatic experience in which mentalization may decrease and, at the same time, serve as a protective factor against attachment problems with infants born after loss due to unresolved trauma and grief. Several aspects of mentalization, including the capacity to mentalize: (a) affect associated with trauma and loss, (b) attachment relationships as distinct, (c) multiple and conflicting mental states. and (d) early inadequate attachment experiences related to trauma and loss, are proposed to help mothers pregnant after loss to mourn the loss of one baby while attaching to another, ameliorating potential attachment problems postpartum. Clinical interventions for facilitating these mentalizing capacities are suggested.
机译：损失后的怀孕通常是抑郁，焦虑，诱人症状的感觉，以及与胎儿的问题。怀孕期间与未出生的婴儿的困难是临床重要性，因为它们是对母婴附件关系中的问题预测，也许解释为什么有些研究表现出损失后出生的婴儿的较高风险。 o'Leary（2004）提议在损失后怀孕期间产前键合的问题是挑战这些母亲的挑战，这些母亲面临着悲伤的丧失，同时绑定另一个婴儿。本文认为，精神化理论有助于解释为什么有些父母在损失后的怀孕期间成功地解决了这一中央挑战，并继续为下一个婴儿制定安全的附件，而其他人则继续经历长期附着问题。具体来说。损失后的怀孕被概念化为潜在的创伤经验，其中施用可能会降低，同时，作为由于未解决的创伤和悲伤而导致的婴儿出生的婴儿的附着因素。精神化的几个方面，包括施用的能力：（a）与创伤和损失相关的影响，（b）与不同，（c）多和冲突的心理状态相关的附着关系。 （d）提出与创伤和损失有关的依赖性经验的早期不足，旨在帮助母亲在损失后哀悼哀悼一个婴儿的损失，同时在另外的情况下改善潜在的附着问题。提出了促进这些精神化能力的临床干预。

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