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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >An Extreme Hailstorm on 27 July 2017 in Istanbul, Turkey: Synoptic Scale Circulation and Thermodynamic Evaluation
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An Extreme Hailstorm on 27 July 2017 in Istanbul, Turkey: Synoptic Scale Circulation and Thermodynamic Evaluation

机译：2017年7月27日在土耳其伊斯坦布尔的极端雹暴：天气缩放循环和热力学评估

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During the afternoon hours of July 27, 2017, an extreme hailstorm struck the most populated city of Turkey, Istanbul. This rapidly growing supercell which produces large hail led to numerous injuries and damaged automobiles, houses, aircrafts, crops, and infrastructure of the city. As a result of the movement of the cut-off cyclone from Middle East to western Turkey, warm air advection penetrated over Marmara, and the land surface temperature of Istanbul reached 34 degrees C (5 degrees C above the mean). The transport of significant amount of moisture, which was caused by excessive heating of Marmara Sea surface temperatures (24.9 degrees C), to the low levels of the atmosphere by strong southwesterly winds enabled the increase of low-level moisture convergence. Both abnormal temperature differences between land and 500-hPa level (41.5 degrees C) and excessive wind shear values (20.3m/s) between surface and 6km above ground level (AGL) increased the thermal instability and updraft conditions of the baroclinic atmosphere. This condition resulted in thunderstorms, stormy and gale wind gusts (31.9m/s 15:20 UTC), extreme lightning activity (totally 2696 cloud-to-ground and 5791 intracloud), large hailstones between 3-6cm diameter and high hourly precipitation amounts (38.7, 36.2, 29.8, and 27.2mm in Sisli, Kadikoy, Uskudar, and Fatih regions, respectively, between 14:00 and 15:00 UTC) in the urban settlements of the city. The stability indices, Showalter, K, Total of totals, SWEAT, and CAPE also showed the high probability of severe thunderstorm occurrence over Istanbul. Based on a comparison among these five indices, the SWEAT index is most appropriate to represent the atmospheric conditions over the city owing to low-level moisture, warm air advection, and low and mid-level wind speed terms in its equation.
机译：在2017年7月27日下午的时间，一场极端的海盗袭击了伊斯坦布尔最具人口稠密的土耳其市。这种快速生长的超级胶片，生产大型冰雹导致了众多伤害和损坏的汽车，房屋，飞机，庄稼和城市的基础设施。由于截止旋风的运动从中东到火鸡西部，暖空气平流穿过马尔马拉，伊斯坦布尔的陆地表面温度达到34℃（平均值5摄氏度）。大量水分的运输是由马尔马拉海表面温度的过度加热（24.9摄氏度）引起的，通过强大的西南风电向低水平的大气，使得低水平的水分收敛性增加。土地和500-HPA水平（41.5摄氏度）之间的异常温度差异和表面和6km之间的过度风剪值（20.3m / s以上的地面（AgL）增加了氨基氯林气氛的热不稳定性和上升条件。这种情况导致雷暴，暴风雨和风疹风雨阵风（31.9m / s 15:20 UTC），极端避雷活动（共2696云到地和5791个腹腔围绕），大型冰雹直径3-6厘米，每小时沉淀量高。 （38.7,36.2,29.8和27.2mm，Sisli，Kadikoy，Uskudar和Fatih地区分别在14:00至15:00 UTC之间）在城市的城市住区。稳定性指数，播放器，k，总计，汗水和披肩也表现出伊斯坦布尔严重雷暴发生的高可能性。基于这五个指数之间的比较，由于低水平的水分，温暖的空中平流和其等式中，由于低水平的水分，温暖的空气平流和低和中级风速术语而言，汗水指数最适合代表城市的大气条件。

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