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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >Dynamic In Situ Three-Dimensional Imaging and Digital Volume Correlation Analysis to Quantify Strain Localization and Fracture Coalescence in Sandstone
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Dynamic In Situ Three-Dimensional Imaging and Digital Volume Correlation Analysis to Quantify Strain Localization and Fracture Coalescence in Sandstone

机译：动态原位三维成像和数字体积相关分析，以量化砂岩中应变局部化和断裂骨折

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Advances in triaxial compression deformation apparatus design, dynamic X-ray microtomography imaging, data analysis techniques, and digital volume correlation analysis provide unparalleled access to the insitu four-dimensional distribution of developing strain within rocks. To demonstrate the power of these new techniques and acquire detailed information about the micromechanics of damage evolution, deformation, and failure of porous rocks, we deformed 3-cm-scale cylindrical specimens of low-porosity Fontainebleau sandstone in an X-ray-transparent triaxial compression apparatus, and repeatedly recorded three-dimensional tomograms of the specimens as the differential stress was increased until macroscopic failure occurred. Experiments were performed at room temperature with confining pressure in the range of 10-20MPa. Distinct grayscale subsets, indicative of density, enabled segmentation of the three-dimensional tomograms into intact rock matrix, pore space, and fractures. Digital volume correlation analysis of pairs of tomograms provided time series of three-dimensional incremental strain tensor fields throughout the experiments. After the yield stress was reached, the samples deformed first by dilatant opening and propagation of microfractures, and then by shear sliding via grain rotation and strain localization along faults. For two samples, damage and dilatancy occurred by grain boundary opening and then a sudden collapse of the granular rock framework at failure. For the third sample, a fault nucleated near the yield point and propagated in the sample through the development of transgranular microfractures. The results confirm findings of previous experimental studies on the same rock and provide new detailed quantifications of: (1) the proportion of shear versus dilatant strain in the sample, (2) the amount of dilatancy due to microfracture opening versus pore opening when a fault develops, and (3) the role of grain boundaries and pore walls in pinning microfr
机译：三轴压缩变形装置设计，动态X射线显微图成像，数据分析技术和数字体积相关分析提供了对岩石内显影应变的Insitu四维分布的无与伦比的访问。为了展示这些新技术的力量，并获取有关损伤进化，变形和多孔岩石失效的微观机械的详细信息，我们在X射线透明三轴中变形了3厘米级圆柱形砂岩砂岩压缩装置，并反复记录试样的三维断层照片，因为差分应力增加直至发生宏观故障。在室温下进行实验，限制压力为10-20MPa。明显的灰度亚群，指示密度，使三维断层图像的分段使得完整的岩石基质，孔隙空间和裂缝。数字体积相关分析分成划线图像在整个实验中提供了三维增量应变张量场的时间序列。在达到屈服应力之后，通过稀释剂的开口和微磨损繁殖，然后通过沿着故障的压力旋转和应变定位的剪切滑动，首先使样品首先变形。对于两个样品，晶界开口发生损伤和膨胀，然后发生故障颗粒岩石框架的突然塌陷。对于第三个样品，在屈服点附近的故障成核，并通过响晶微裂缝的发育在样品中繁殖。结果证实了先前对同一岩石实验研究的结果，并提供了新的详细量化：（1）样品中剪切与膨胀菌株的比例，（2）当断层时，由于微折衷开口与孔隙开口引起的膨胀量发展，并（3）谷物边界和孔墙在钉扎微晶圈的作用

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