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首页> 外文期刊>The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series >Swift-XRT Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Triggers in the Second Advanced LIGO/Virgo Observing Run
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Swift-XRT Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Triggers in the Second Advanced LIGO/Virgo Observing Run

机译：Swift-XRT在第二高级Ligo /处女座观测运行中的引力波触发器的跟进

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摘要

The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory carried out prompt searches for gravitational-wave (GW) events detected by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) during the second observing run (?O2?). Swift performed extensive tiling of eight LVC triggers, two of which had very low false-alarm rates (GW170814 and the epochal GW170817), indicating a high confidence of being astrophysical in origin; the latter was the first GW event to have an electromagnetic counterpart detected. In this paper we describe the follow-up performed during O2 and the results of our searches. No GW electromagnetic counterparts were detected; this result is expected, as GW170817 remained the only astrophysical event containing at least one neutron star after LVC?s later retraction of some events. A number of X-ray sources were detected, with the majority of identified sources being active galactic nuclei. We discuss the detection rate of transient X-ray sources and their implications in the O2 tiling searches. Finally, we describe the lessons learned during O2 and how these are being used to improve the Swift follow-up of GW events. In particular, we simulate a population of gamma-ray burst afterglows to evaluate our source ranking system?s ability to differentiate them from unrelated and uncataloged X-ray sources. We find that 60%?70% of afterglows whose jets are oriented toward Earth will be given high rank (i.e., ?interesting? designation) by the completion of our second follow-up phase (assuming that their location in the sky was observed), but that this fraction can be increased to nearly 100% by performing a third follow-up observation of sources exhibiting fading behavior.
机译：Neil Gehrels Swift天文台的提示搜索由Ligo / Virgo协作（LVC）检测到的第二观察运行期间（o2？）检测到的引力波（GW）事件。 Swift在八个LVC触发的大大平衡，其中两个具有非常低的假警报速率（GW170814和划船G170817），表明对天体物理学的高度置信度;后者是检测到电磁对应物的第一个GW事件。在本文中，我们描述了在O2期间执行的随访以及我们搜索结果。未检测到GW电磁对应物;预期该结果是预期的，因为GW170817仍然是在LVCΔs之后含有至少一个中子星的唯一的天体物理事件，后来缩回一些事件。检测到许多X射线源，其中大多数鉴定的来源是活性银核。我们讨论了瞬态X射线源的检出率及其在O2瓷砖搜索中的影响。最后，我们描述了在O2期间学到的经验教训以及如何用于改善GW事件的迅速跟进。特别是，我们模拟了伽马射线爆发的群体余辉，以评估我们的源排名系统？S能够将它们与无关和未分析的X射线源区分开来。我们发现60％的余辉的70％的喷气机朝向地球定向，将通过完成我们的第二阶段（即，假设他们在天空中的位置观察到它们） ，但是，通过执行表现出衰落行为的源的第三次随访观察，该级分可以增加到近100％。

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    Klingler N. J.; Kennea J. A.; Evans P. A.; Tohuvavohu A.; Cenko S. B.; Barthelmy S. D.; Beardmore A. P.; Breeveld A. A.; Brown P. J.; Burrows D. N.; Campana S.; Cusumano G.; DAi A.; DAvanzo P.; DElia V; de Pasquale M.; Emery S. W. K.; Garcia J.; Giommi P.; Gronwall C.; Hartmann D. H.; Krimm H. A.; Kuin N. P. M.; Lien A.; Malesani D. B.; Marshall F. E.; Melandri A.; Nousek J. A.; Oates S. R.; OBrien P. T.; Osborne J. P.; Page K. L.; Palmer D. M.; Perri M.; Racusin J. L.; Siegel M. H.; Sakamoto T.; Sbarufatti B.; Tagliaferri G.; Troja E.;

  • 作者单位

    Penn State Univ Dept Astron &

    Astrophys 525 Davey Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA;

    Penn State Univ Dept Astron &

    Astrophys 525 Davey Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys &

    Astron Univ Rd Leicester LE1 7RH Leics England;

    Penn State Univ Dept Astron &

    Astrophys 525 Davey Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA;

    NASA Astrophys Sci Div Goddard Space Flight Ctr Code 916 Greenbelt MD 20771 USA;

    NASA Astrophys Sci Div Goddard Space Flight Ctr Code 916 Greenbelt MD 20771 USA;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys &

    Astron Univ Rd Leicester LE1 7RH Leics England;

    Univ Coll London Mullard Space Sci Lab Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH 6NT Surrey England;

    Texas A&

    M Univ George P &

    Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta Dept Phys &

    Astron Mitchell Phys Bldg College Stn TX 77843 USA;

    Penn State Univ Dept Astron &

    Astrophys 525 Davey Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA;

    INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera Via Bianchi 46 I-23807 Merate Italy;

    INAF IASF Palermo Via Ugo La Malfa 153 I-90146 Palermo Italy;

    INAF IASF Palermo Via Ugo La Malfa 153 I-90146 Palermo Italy;

    INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera Via Bianchi 46 I-23807 Merate Italy;

    INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma Via Frascati 33 I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone Italy;

    Istanbul Univ Dept Astron &

    Space Sci TR-34119 Istanbul Turkey;

    Univ Coll London Mullard Space Sci Lab Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH 6NT Surrey England;

    CALTECH Cahill Ctr Astron &

    Astrophys 1200 East Calif Blvd Pasadena CA 91125 USA;

    ASI SSDC I-00133 Rome Italy;

    Penn State Univ Dept Astron &

    Astrophys 525 Davey Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA;

    Clemson Univ Dept Phys &

    Astron Kinard Lab Phys Clemson SC 29631 USA;

    Natl Sci Fdn Alexandria VA 22314 USA;

    Univ Coll London Mullard Space Sci Lab Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH 6NT Surrey England;

    CRESST Greenbelt MD 20771 USA;

    Univ Copenhagen Dark Cosmol Ctr Niels Bohr Inst Juliane Maries Vej 30 DK-2100 Copenhagen O Denmark;

    NASA Astrophys Sci Div Goddard Space Flight Ctr Code 916 Greenbelt MD 20771 USA;

    INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera Via Bianchi 46 I-23807 Merate Italy;

    Penn State Univ Dept Astron &

    Astrophys 525 Davey Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys &

    Astron Univ Rd Leicester LE1 7RH Leics England;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys &

    Astron Univ Rd Leicester LE1 7RH Leics England;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys &

    Astron Univ Rd Leicester LE1 7RH Leics England;

    Los Alamos Natl Lab B244 Los Alamos NM 87545 USA;

    INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma Via Frascati 33 I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone Italy;

    NASA Astrophys Sci Div Goddard Space Flight Ctr Code 916 Greenbelt MD 20771 USA;

    Penn State Univ Dept Astron &

    Astrophys 525 Davey Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA;

    Aoyama Gakuin Univ Dept Phys &

    Math Sagamihara Kanagawa 2525258 Japan;

    Penn State Univ Dept Astron &

    Astrophys 525 Davey Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA;

    INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera Via Bianchi 46 I-23807 Merate Italy;

    NASA Astrophys Sci Div Goddard Space Flight Ctr Code 916 Greenbelt MD 20771 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 天体物理学;天文学;
  • 关键词

    Gravitational waves; Astronomy data analysis; Gamma-ray bursts; X-ray sources; Surveys; X-ray surveys; Catalogs; Gravitational wave sources;

    机译：引力波;天文数据分析;伽马射线爆发;X射线源;调查;X射线调查;目录;引力波源;

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