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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >The time course of ineffective sham-blinding during low-intensity (1 mA) transcranial direct current stimulation
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The time course of ineffective sham-blinding during low-intensity (1 mA) transcranial direct current stimulation

机译：低强度（1MA）经颅直流刺激期间无效假致盲的时间过程

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Studies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) typically compare an active protocol relative to a shorter sham (placebo) protocol. Both protocols are presumed to be perceptually identical on the scalp, and thus represent an effective method of delivering double-blinded experimental designs. However, participants often show above-chance accuracy when asked which condition involved active/sham retrospectively. We assessed the time course of sham-blinding during active and sham tDCS. We predicted that participants would be aware that the current is switched on for longer in the active versus sham protocol. Thirty-two adults were tested in a preregistered, double-blinded, within-subjects design. A forced-choice reaction time task was undertaken before, during and after active (10 min 1 mA) and sham (20 s 1 mA) tDCS. The anode was placed over the left primary motor cortex (C3) to target the right hand, and the cathode on the right forehead. Two probe questions were asked every 30 s: "Is the stimulation on?" and "How sure are you?". Distinct periods of non-overlapping confidence intervals were identified between conditions, totalling 5 min (57.1% of the total difference in stimulation time). These began immediately after sham ramp-down and lasted until the active protocol had ended. We therefore show a failure of placebo control during 1 mA tDCS. These results highlight the need to develop more effective methods of sham-blinding during transcranial electrical stimulation protocols, even when delivered at low-intensity current strengths.
机译：使用经颅导流刺激（TDC）的研究通常比较有源协议相对于较短的假（安慰剂）协议。在头皮上假定两个方案都被认为是感知相同的，因此代表了提供双盲实验设计的有效方法。然而，当被问及回顾性的情况时，参与者通常会表现出上面的机会准确性。我们评估了主动和假TDC期间假致盲的时间过程。我们预测，参与者将意识到当前在主动与假协议中接通电流。在预期的，双盲的内部设计中测试了三十两名成年人。在活性（10分钟1 mA）和假（20 s 1 mA）TDCs之前，期间和之后进行强制选择反应时间任务。将阳极放置在左侧主电动机皮层（C3）上以靶向右手，并且在右前额上的阴极。每30秒都要求两个探测问题：“刺激是什么？”和“你有多肯定？”在条件下鉴定出非重叠置信区间的不同时期，总共5分钟（刺激时间总差的57.1％）。假时倾斜后立即开始，持续直到积极的协议结束。因此，我们在1MA TDC期间显示安慰剂控制失败。这些结果突出了在经扫描电刺激方案期间开发更有效的假致盲方法的需要，即使在低强度电流强度下输送。

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