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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Attention and prediction in human audition: a lesson from cognitive psychophysiology
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Attention and prediction in human audition: a lesson from cognitive psychophysiology

机译：人类试镜中的注意力和预测：来自认知心理生理学的课程

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摘要

Attention is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that facilitates the processing of relevant information and inhibits the processing of irrelevant information. Prediction is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that considers prior information when interpreting the sensorial input. Although both (attention and prediction) aid perception, they are rarely considered together. Auditory attention typically yields enhanced brain activity, whereas auditory prediction often results in attenuated brain responses. However, when strongly predicted sounds are omitted, brain responses to silence resemble those elicited by sounds. Studies jointly investigating attention and prediction revealed that these different mechanisms may interact, e.g. attention may magnify the processing differences between predicted and unpredicted sounds. Following the predictive coding theory, we suggest that prediction relates to predictions sent down from predictive models housed in higher levels of the processing hierarchy to lower levels and attention refers to gain modulation of the prediction error signal sent up to the higher level. As predictions encode contents and confidence in the sensory data, and as gain can be modulated by the intention of the listener and by the predictability of the input, various possibilities for interactions between attention and prediction can be unfolded. From this perspective, the traditional distinction between bottom-up/exogenous and top-down/endogenous driven attention can be revisited and the classic concepts of attentional gain and attentional trace can be integrated.
机译：注意是在感知服务中的假设机制，这有利于相关信息的处理并抑制了无关信息的处理。预测是在解释感觉输入时考虑先前信息的感知服务中的假设机制。虽然（注意和预测）援助感知，但它们很少被认为是在一起的。听觉注意通常会产生增强的脑活动，而听觉预测经常导致减弱的脑响应。然而，当省略强烈预测的声音时，脑响应沉默类似于声音的声音。共同调查注意力和预测的研究表明，这些不同的机制可以相互作用，例如，注意可以放大预测和未预测的声音之间的处理差异。在预测编码理论之后，我们建议预测涉及从被安置在更高水平的预测模型中发送的预测，以降低级别，并且注意力是指向上发送到更高级别的预测误差信号的增益调制。随着预测对感官数据的内容和置信度，并且可以通过收听者的意图来调制作为输入的增益以及输入的可预测性，可以展开注意力和预测之间的各种相互作用的可能性。从这个角度来看，可以重新预订自下而上/外源性和自上而下/内源性驱动的关注的传统区别，并且可以集成收藏性增益和注意力痕迹的经典概念。

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