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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Agricultural Science >Factors contributing to maize and bean yield gaps in Central America vary with site and agroecological conditions
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Factors contributing to maize and bean yield gaps in Central America vary with site and agroecological conditions

机译：有助于玉米和豆豆的因素在中美洲的含量差距随着网站和农业生态条件而异

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In Central America, population and food demands are rising rapidly, while yields of staple crops, maize and beans, remain low. To identify the main factors limiting production, field trials were established in six maize- and bean-producing regions in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, representing about three-quarters of the maize-producing area. Potential yield-limiting factors were evaluated in 2017 and included: water stress, nutrient deficiency, pest and disease pressure, and/or inter-plant competition. When considering all sites, improved fertilization and pest and disease control significantly improved yields in maize by 11 and 16%, respectively but did not have a significant effect in beans. Irrigation had no effect due to good rainfall distribution over the growing season. Optimized planting arrangement resulted in an average 18% increase in maize yield, making it the most promising factor evaluated. The treatment and site combinations that increased both crop productivity and net profit included management changes that improved resource use efficiency. However, the contribution of each limiting factor to yield gaps varied across sites and no treatment was effective at increasing yield consistently across sites. Production constraints are highly dependent on local management practices and agroecological location. Therefore, public and private development efforts that seek to increase production should conduct multi-year, participatory experiments to identify limitations pertinent to the area in question. The next step is then to evaluate sustainable and profitable practices, to address those limitations and provide sound recommendations to farmers while decreasing the environmental and economic costs.
机译：在中美洲，人口和粮食需求迅速上升，而主食作物，玉米和豆类的产量仍然很低。为了确定限制生产的主要因素，在危地马拉，洪都拉斯和萨尔瓦多的六个玉米和豆类产区中建立了现场试验，占玉米生产区的四分之三。在2017年评估了潜在的产量限制因子，包括：水分胁迫，营养缺乏，害虫和疾病压力，和/或植物间竞争。在考虑所有网站时，改善的施肥和害虫和疾病控制分别在11％和16％的玉米产量显着提高，但在豆类中没有显着效果。由于越来越多的季节降雨分布，灌溉没有影响。优化的种植安排导致玉米产量的平均增加18％，使其评估最有希望的因素。增加作物生产率和净利润的处理和现场组合包括管理变化，提高资源利用效率。然而，每个限制因子在位点产生间隙的贡献，并且在横跨位点上始终如一的产量，没有治疗。生产限制高度依赖于地方管理实践和农业生态地点。因此，寻求增加产量的公共和私立开发努力应进行多年，参与式实验，以确定与有关地区相关的限制。然后，下一步是为了评估可持续和有利可图的做法，以解决这些限制，并为农民提供声音建议，同时降低环境和经济成本。

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