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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Does the grass snake (Natrix natrix) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricinae) fit the amniotes-specific model of myogenesis?
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Does the grass snake (Natrix natrix) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricinae) fit the amniotes-specific model of myogenesis?

机译：草蛇（Natrix Natrix）（Squamata：Serpentes：natricinae）适合肌动生殖物的羊膜特异性模型吗？

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摘要

In the grass snake (Natrix natrix), the newly developed somites form vesicles that are located on both sides of the neural tube. The walls of the vesicles are composed of tightly connected epithelial cells surrounding the cavity (the somitocoel). Also, in the newly formed somites, the Pax3 protein can be observed in the somite wall cells. Subsequently, the somite splits into three compartments: the sclerotome, dermomyotome (with the dorsomedial [DM] and the ventrolateral [VL] lips) and the myotome. At this stage, the Pax3 protein is detected in both the DM and VL lips of the dermomyotome and in the mononucleated cells of the myotome, whereas the Pax7 protein is observed in the medial part of the dermomyotome and in some of the mononucleated cells of the myotome. The mononucleated cells then become elongated and form myotubes. As myogenesis proceeds, the myotome is filled with multinucleated myotubes accompanied by mononucleated, Pax7-positive cells (satellite cells) that are involved in muscle growth. The Pax3-positive progenitor muscle cells are no longer observed. Moreover, we have observed unique features in the differentiation of the muscles in these snakes. Specifically, our studies have revealed the presence of two classes of muscles in the myotomes. The first class is characterised by fast muscle fibres, with myofibrils equally distributed throughout the sarcoplasm. In the second class, composed of slow muscle fibres, the sarcoplasm is filled with lipid droplets. We assume that their storage could play a crucial role during hibernation in the adult snakes. We suggest that the model of myotomal myogenesis in reptiles, birds and mammals shows the same morphological and molecular character. We therefore believe that the grass snake, in spite of the unique features of its myogenesis, fits into the amniotes-specific model of trunk muscle development.
机译：在草蛇（Natrix Natrix）中，新开发的伙计形成位于神经管的两侧的囊泡。囊泡的壁由围绕腔（Smitocoel）的紧密连接的上皮细胞组成。而且，在新形成的牡源中，可以在SoNITE壁细胞中观察PAX3蛋白。随后，单一的分组分为三个隔室：巩膜大豆，Dermodootome（用背侧[DM]和腹外侧[VL]嘴唇）和肌肌瘤。在该阶段，在Dermootome的DM和VL唇部和肌肉组的单核细胞中检测PAX3蛋白，而PAX7蛋白在DermoOleome的内侧部分和一些单核细胞中观察到肌肉。然后单核细胞变得细长并形成肌管。随着肌瘤发生的所得，肌肉肌瘤填充有多核肌管，伴随着肌肉生长的单核，PAX7阳性细胞（卫星电池）。不再观察到PAX3阳性祖肌细胞。此外，我们在这些蛇的肌肉的差异中观察到独特的特征。具体而言，我们的研究揭示了在肌肌瘤中存在两类肌肉。第一类的特征在于快速肌肉纤维，肌原纤维在整个肌膜上同样分布。在第二类中，由慢肌纤维组成，肉质上填充脂液滴。我们假设他们的存储在成人蛇中的冬眠期间可能发挥至关重要的作用。我们建议在爬行动物，鸟类和哺乳动物中肌肌瘤肌瘤的模型表现出相同的形态和分子特征。因此，我们相信草蛇，尽管其肌生成的独特特征，适合树干肌肉发育的羊膜特异性模型。

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