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首页> 外文期刊>Clinical leadership and management review: the journal of CLMA >Information systems and human error in the lab.
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Information systems and human error in the lab.

机译：信息系统和实验室中的人为错误。

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摘要

Health system costs in clinical laboratories are incurred daily due to human error. Indeed, a major impetus for automating clinical laboratories has always been the opportunity it presents to simultaneously reduce cost and improve quality of operations by decreasing human error. But merely automating these processes is not enough. To the extent that introduction of these systems results in operators having less practice in dealing with unexpected events or becoming deskilled in problemsolving, however new kinds of error will likely appear. Clinical laboratories could potentially benefit by integrating findings on human error from modern behavioral science into their operations. Fully understanding human error requires a deep understanding of human information processing and cognition. Predicting and preventing negative consequences requires application of this understanding to laboratory operations. Although the occurrence of a particular error at a particular instant cannot be absolutely prevented, human error rates can be reduced. The following principles are key: an understanding of the process of learning in relation to error; understanding the origin of errors since this knowledge can be used to reduce their occurrence; optimal systems should be forgiving to the operator by absorbing errors, at least for a time; although much is known by industrial psychologists about how to write operating procedures and instructions in ways that reduce the probability of error, this expertise is hardly ever put to use in the laboratory; and a feedback mechanism must be designed into the system that enables the operator to recognize in real time that an error has occurred.
机译：由于人为错误，每天在临床实验室中产生卫生系统费用。的确，使临床实验室自动化的主要动力一直是通过减少人为错误同时降低成本并提高手术质量的机会。但是仅仅自动化这些过程是不够的。在某种程度上，引入这些系统导致操作员在处理突发事件或解决问题时变得无所适从，但是很可能会出现新的错误类型。通过将现代行为科学中有关人为错误的发现整合到临床操作中，临床实验室可能会受益。全面了解人为错误需要对人的信息处理和认知有深刻的了解。预测和防止负面影响需要将此理解应用于实验室操作。尽管不能绝对防止在特定时刻发生特定错误，但是可以降低人为错误率。以下原则是关键：对错误的学习过程的理解;了解错误的起因，因为这种知识可以用来减少错误的发生;最佳的系统应该至少在一段时间内通过吸收错误给操作员宽恕。尽管行业心理学家对如何以减少错误几率的方式编写操作程序和说明广为人知，但这种专门知识很少在实验室中使用;并且必须在系统中设计一个反馈机制，使操作员能够实时识别出已发生错误。

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