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Behavior and psychological functioning of young children of HIV-positive mothers in South Africa

机译：南非艾滋病毒阳性母亲的幼儿行为和心理功能

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Adults with HIV are living longer due to earlier diagnosis and increased access to antiretroviral medications. Therefore, fewer young children are being orphaned and instead, are being cared for by parents who know they are HIV positive, although they may be asymptomatic. Presently, it is unclear whether the psychological functioning of these young children is likely to be affected or, alternatively, whether it is only when a mother is ill, that children suffer adverse effects. We, thus, aimed to compare the behavior and psychological functioning of young children (aged 6-10 years) of HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers. We also aimed to examine the association between HIV status disclosure and child outcomes. This study uses cross-sectional data from the baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial conducted in Tshwane, South Africa. Participants (n-509) and their children were recruited from area health clinics. Among the 395 mothers with HIV, 42% reported symptoms of HIV disease. Multivariate linear regression models suggested that after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, children of HIV-positive mothers had significantly greater externalizing behaviors than children of HIV-negative mothers. Importantly, children whose mothers were symptomatic had greater internalizing and externalizing behaviors compared with children of HIV-negative mothers, but this was not true for children of asymptomatic mothers. Additionally, among children of HIV-positive mothers, those who had been told their mothers were sick compared with children who had been told nothing had less internalizing and externalizing behaviors and improved daily living skills. This study, therefore, provides evidence that maternal HIV disease can affect the behaviors of young children in South Africa but, importantly, only when the mothers are symptomatic from their disease. Furthermore, results suggest that disclosure of maternal illness but not HIV status was associated with improved behavior and psychological functioning among young children.
机译：由于早期诊断并获得更多的抗逆转录病毒药物，艾滋病病毒感染者的寿命更长。因此，虽然他们可能没有症状，但成为孤儿的父母较少，而他们被知道自己是艾滋病毒呈阳性的父母所照料。目前，尚不清楚这些幼儿的心理功能是否会受到影响，或者是否只有在母亲生病时才会受到不利影响。因此，我们的目的是比较HIV阳性和HIV阴性母亲的幼儿（6-10岁）的行为和心理功能。我们还旨在研究艾滋病毒状况披露与儿童结局之间的关联。这项研究使用了在南非Tshwane进行的随机对照试验的基线评估得出的横断面数据。参与者（n-509）及其孩子是从地区卫生诊所招募的。在395名患有HIV的母亲中，有42％报告有HIV疾病症状。多元线性回归模型表明，在调整了社会人口统计学特征后，艾滋病毒阳性母亲的孩子比艾滋病毒阴性母亲的孩子具有更大的外在行为。重要的是，与有HIV阴性的母亲的孩子相比，有症状的母亲的孩子具有更大的内在化和外在化行为，但是对于无症状母亲的孩子却并非如此。此外，在艾滋病毒呈阳性母亲的孩子中，那些被告知母亲生病的孩子与那些没有被告知孩子的孩子相比，内在和外在行为更少，并且日常生活能力得到了改善。因此，这项研究提供了证据，证明母亲的艾滋病毒疾病可以影响南非幼儿的行为，但重要的是，只有在母亲有疾病症状时才可以。此外，结果表明，披露孕产妇疾病而不是HIV状况与幼儿行为和心理功能的改善有关。

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