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首页> 外文期刊>AIDS care. >Gender differences in diet and nutrition among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Gender differences in diet and nutrition among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

机译：坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的成年人饮食和营养方面的性别差异

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected males have poor treatment outcomes after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to HIV-infected women. Dietary factors might mediate the association between sex and disease progression. However, the gender difference in diet among HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to examine differences in dietary intake among HIV-infected men and women. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of dietary questionnaire data from 2038 adults initiating ART in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to assess whether nutrient adequacy differed by sex. We dichotomized participants' nutrient intakes by whether recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) were met and estimated the relative risk (RR) of meeting RDAs in males using binomial regression models. We also estimated the mean difference in intake of foods and food groups by gender. We found poorer dietary practices among men compared to women. Males were less likely to meet the RDAs for micronutrients critical for slowing disease progression among HIV patients: niacin (RR = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27 to 0.55), riboflavin (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.91), vitamin C (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.00), and zinc (RR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.24). Intake of thiamine, pantothenate, vitamins B6, B12, and E did not vary by gender. Males were less likely to eat cereals (mean difference [servings per day] = -0.21, 95% CI: -0.44 to 0.001) and vegetables (mean difference = -0.47, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.07) in their diet, but more likely to have meat (mean difference = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.21). We conclude that male HIV patients have poorer dietary practices than females, and this may contribute to faster progression of the disease in males.
机译：与感染HIV的女性相比，感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的男性在开始抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）后的治疗效果较差。饮食因素可能会介导性别与疾病进展之间的关联。但是，撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒感染者在饮食上的性别差异在很大程度上是未知的。这项研究的目的是检查感染艾滋病毒的男女在饮食摄入上的差异。我们对坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆发起抗逆转录病毒疗法的2038名成年人进行的饮食调查问卷数据进行了横断面分析，以评估营养充足性是否因性别而异。我们根据是否满足建议的饮食津贴（RDA）将参与者的营养摄入量分为两部分，并使用二项回归模型估算男性达到RDA的相对风险（RR）。我们还按性别估算了食物和食物组摄入量的平均差异。我们发现男人的饮食习惯比女人差。男性不太可能满足HIV病人中对疾病进展减慢至关重要的微量营养素的RDA要求：烟酸（RR = 0.39，95％置信区间[CI]：0.27至0.55），核黄素（RR = 0.81，95％CI：0.73至0.91），维生素C（RR = 0.94，95％CI：0.89至1.00）和锌（RR = 0.06，95％CI：0.01至0.24）。硫胺素，泛酸，维生素B6，B12和E的摄入量随性别而变化。男性在饮食中不太可能吃谷物（平均差异[每日进餐] = -0.21，95％CI：-0.44至0.001）和蔬菜（平均差异= -0.47，95％CI：-0.86至-0.07） ，但更可能有肉（平均差异= 0.14，95％CI：0.06至0.21）。我们得出的结论是，男性艾滋病毒患者的饮食习惯比女性差，这可能有助于男性更快地发展疾病。

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