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The lifestyle of lichens in soil crusts

机译：地衣的生活方式在土壳中

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摘要

Lichens are one of the common dominant biota in biological soil crusts (biocrusts), a community that is one of the largest in extent in the world. Here we present a summary of the main features of the lifestyle of soil crust lichens, emphasizing their habitat, ecophysiology and versatility. The soil crust is exposed to full light, often to high temperatures and has an additional water source, the soil beneath the lichens. However, despite the open nature of the habitat the lichens are active under shady and cooler conditions and avoid climate extremes of high temperature and light. In temperate and alpine habitats they can also be active for long periods, several months in some cases. They show a mixture of physiological constancy (e.g. similar activity periods and net photosynthetic rates) but also adaptations to the habitat (e.g. the response of net photosynthesis to thallus water content can differ for the same lichen species in Europe and the USA and some species show extensive rhizomorph development). Despite recent increased research, aspects of soil crust ecology, for example under snow, remain little understood.
机译：地衣是生物土壤地壳（Biocrusts）中共同的占优势生物群之一，是世界上最大的社区。在这里，我们概述了土壤地壳地衣生活方式的主要特征，强调了他们的栖息地，生态学和多功能性。土壤地壳暴露于全光，往往高温，并具有额外的水源，地衣下的土壤。然而，尽管栖息地的开放性质，地衣在阴凉和冷却条件下活跃，避免气候极端高温和光线。在温带和高山栖息地，它们也可以长时间活跃，在某些情况下几个月。它们显示生理恒定的混合物（例如相似的活动期和净光合速​​率），而且还对栖息地的适应性（例如，净光合作用对染色水含量的响应可能因欧洲和美国的相同地衣物种而异，以及一些物种展示广泛的根茎开发）。尽管近期的研究，但在雪下的土壤地壳生态学方面，仍然很少理解。

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