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首页> 外文期刊>AIDS care. >Gender roles and HIV sexual risk vulnerability of Roma (Gypsies) men and women in Bulgaria and Hungary: an ethnographic study.
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Gender roles and HIV sexual risk vulnerability of Roma (Gypsies) men and women in Bulgaria and Hungary: an ethnographic study.

机译：一项民族志研究，保加利亚和匈牙利的吉普赛人男女的性别角色和艾滋病毒易感性脆弱性。

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摘要

Roma, the largest ethnic minority group in Central and Eastern Europe, have cultures that are traditional, often closed, and autonomous of majority populations. Roma communities are characterized by pervasive social health problems, widespread poverty, limited educational opportunities, and discrimination. Although some evidence suggests high levels of HIV sexual risk behaviour among Roma, little is known about the cultural and social context in which risk behaviour occurs. In-depth interviews were used to elicit detailed information about types of sexual partnerships and sexual risk behaviour practices occurring in them, use and perception of protection, knowledge and beliefs about AIDS and STDs, and sexual communication patterns in a sample of 42 men and women aged 18-52 living in Roma community settlements in Bulgaria and Hungary. Analysis of the interview data revealed that men have great sexual freedom before and during marriage, engage in a wide range of unprotected practices with primary and multiple outside partners, and have much more relationship power and control. In contrast, women are expected to maintain virginity before marriage and then sexual exclusivity to their husbands. Condom use is not normative and is mainly perceived as a form of contraception. Although awareness of AIDS was common, it was generally not perceived as a personal threat. Misconceptions about how HIV is transmitted are widespread, and women - in particular - had very little knowledge about STDs, HIV transmission, and protective steps. There is an urgent need for the development of HIV prevention programs culturally sensitive to Roma populations in Eastern Europe, where HIV rates are rapidly rising.
机译：罗姆人是中欧和东欧最大的少数族裔群体，拥有传统的文化，通常是封闭的，多数人口自治。罗姆人社区的特征是普遍存在的社会健康问题，普遍贫困，受教育机会有限和歧视。尽管一些证据表明罗姆人中艾滋病毒性风险行为的水平很高，但对于发生风险行为的文化和社会背景知之甚少。通过对42名男性和女性进行深入访谈，以获取有关性伴侣类型和其中发生的性风险行为做法，对保护的使用和感知，对艾滋病和性病的了解和信仰以及性传播方式的详细信息。 18-52岁，住在保加利亚和匈牙利的罗姆人社区。对访谈数据的分析表明，男人在结婚之前和结婚期间都拥有很大的性自由，他们与主要和多个外部伴侣进行了各种各样的不受保护的行为，并且拥有更多的关系力量和控制力。相比之下，预计妇女在结婚前要保持童贞，然后对丈夫实行性排他性。安全套的使用不是规范性的，主要被视为避孕的一种形式。尽管对艾滋病的认识很普遍，但通常不将其视为个人威胁。人们对艾滋病毒的传播方式普遍存在误解，尤其是妇女，对性病，艾滋病毒的传播和保护措施的了解很少。迫切需要制定在文化上对东欧的罗姆人敏感的艾滋病毒预防计划，因为东欧的艾滋病毒感染率正在迅速上升。

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