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Gender differences in HIV disclosure, stigma, and perceptions of health

机译：HIV披露，污名和健康观念方面的性别差异

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HIV disclosure is a gateway to HIV prevention-particularly among couples living in regions severely affected by the HIV epidemic. This cross-sectional study utilizes data collected from 862 people living with HIV across three countries (Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Uganda) in 2011 to determine the role of partner disclosure on self-reported health perceptions and changes in sexual risk behavior. The study's secondary aims are to understand whether or not internalized stigma mediates this relationship and if there is a different pattern of results by gender. The multivariate analysis reveals that the three key HIV-related independent variables, belonging to a support group, doing volunteer work, and disclosing to one's spouse or partner, were significantly associated with lower levels of internalized stigma. Internalized stigma was associated with self-perceptions of poorer health for both women and men, with women reporting higher levels of internalized stigma than men. Disclosure to spouse was positively associated with perceptions of better health for women but not for men. For men, doing HIV-related volunteer work and disclosing their status to their spouse were positively associated with self-reported changes in sexual risk behavior, although stigma was not found to mediate this relationship. Findings from this study suggest that disclosure and stigma have gender-specific effects on individual well-being and changes in sexual risk behaviors. As such, programs must address gender inequity in disclosure patterns and stigma to enhance prevention efforts.
机译：艾滋病毒的披露是通向艾滋病毒预防的门户，特别是在生活在受到艾滋病毒严重影响的地区的夫妇中。这项横断面研究利用了2011年从三个国家（埃塞俄比亚，莫桑比克和乌干达）的862名艾滋病毒感染者收集的数据，以确定伴侣披露对自我报告的健康观念和性风险行为变化的作用。这项研究的次要目的是了解内在的耻辱感是否可以调节这种关系，以及按性别划分的结果模式是否不同。多变量分析表明，属于支持小组，从事志愿工作并向配偶或伴侣公开的三个与HIV相关的关键自变量与较低的内在污名化程度显着相关。内在的污名与男性和女性健康状况较差的自我感觉有关，女性报告的内在的污名的水平高于男性。对配偶的公开与女性享有更好健康的看法正相关，而男性则没有。对于男性而言，尽管未发现污名可调节这种关系，但从事与艾滋病毒相关的志愿者工作并向配偶透露自己的地位与自我报告的性风险行为变化呈正相关。这项研究的结果表明，信息披露和污名化对个人福祉和性风险行为的改变具有特定的性别影响。因此，计划必须解决披露方式和污名化方面的性别不平等问题，以加强预防工作。

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