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首页> 外文期刊>AIDS care. >Practices and recommendations in infant feeding and HIV prevention: The child's perspective
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Practices and recommendations in infant feeding and HIV prevention: The child's perspective

机译：婴儿喂养和预防艾滋病毒的做法和建议：儿童的观点

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Although the attainment of Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4), reducing under-five mortality by two-thirds by the year 2015, depends on optimizing breast-feeding practices in resource-limited settings, there are some conditions in which breast-feeding is impossible, contraindicated, or not recommended. The overall impact of involuntary nonbreast-feeding on the attainment of MDG 4 has not been documented. In industrialized and many middle-income countries replacement feeding is affordable, feasible, acceptable, sustainable, and safe and complete avoidance of breast-feeding is the norm to prevent postnatal transmission of HIV. The situation is very different in many low-income countries affected by the HIV epidemic where infants are exposed to HIV and antiretroviral (ARV) mediation through breast milk for long periods with risk of acquiring HIV infection, development of multidrug resistant HIV and short and long term toxicity associated to ARV medications. Despite the obvious needs, there is no specific research on how to make replacement feeding safer for infants with no access to breast-feeding and for whom replacement feeding is justified. Orphans, abandoned and infants of severely ill mothers unable to breast-feed, won't benefit from the research done on making breast-feeding safer for HIV exposed infants. A child rights perspective illuminates societal obligations to provide replacement feeding with infant formula milk to such infants, and to support research to make it safer at the same time that breast-feeding is promoted and protected for the general population.
机译：尽管实现千年发展目标4（MDG 4）到2015年将五岁以下儿童的死亡率降低三分之二，取决于在资源有限的环境中优化母乳喂养的做法，但在某些情况下母乳喂养是不可能，禁忌或不推荐。尚未记录非母乳喂养对实现千年发展目标4的总体影响。在工业化和许多中等收入国家，替代喂养是负担得起的，可行的，可接受的，可持续的，并且安全，完全避免母乳喂养是防止艾滋病毒在出生后传播的规范。在许多受艾滋病毒影响的低收入国家中，情况大不相同，在这些国家中，婴儿长期暴露于艾滋病毒和通过母乳进行的抗逆转录病毒（ARV）调解中，有感染艾滋病毒的风险，发展为多药耐药的艾滋病毒以及短期和长期的风险。与ARV药物相关的长期毒性。尽管有明显的需求，但尚无针对如何使无法获得母乳喂养且有理由进行替代喂养的婴儿更安全地进行替代喂养的具体研究。孤儿，被遗弃的婴儿和病重母亲无法进行母乳喂养的婴儿，将无法从使母乳喂养对暴露于艾滋病毒的婴儿更安全的研究中受益。儿童权利的观点阐明了社会义务，即向此类婴儿提供婴儿配方奶粉的替代喂养，并在促进和保护普通人群的母乳喂养的同时，支持使其更安全的研究。

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