In industrial applications, the material used to manufacture products is never selected by chance. During the design phase, engineers study each material's characteristics carefully and choose the material deliberately. Careful selection prevents subsequent complications when the product is put into use and helps to prevent incurring unnecessary costs. While such considerations are critical for many applications, they are especially important regarding pipe. This is because some pipes are subjected to considerable mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses, depending on the type of fluid they convey. Operating pressures and temperatures also play determining roles.
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