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首页> 外文期刊>Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology >Boosting Cognition: Effects of Multiple-Session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Working Memory
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Boosting Cognition: Effects of Multiple-Session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Working Memory

机译：促进认知：多次会话经颅直流刺激对工作记忆的影响

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for neurocognitive enhancement. Several studies have shown that just a single session of tDCS over the left dorsolateral pFC (lDLPFC) can improve the core cognitive function of working memory (WM) in healthy adults. Yet, recent studies combining multiple sessions of anodal tDCS over lDLPFC with verbal WM training did not observe additional benefits of tDCS in subsequent stimulation sessions nor transfer of benefits to novel WM tasks posttraining. Using an enhanced stimulation protocol as well as a design that included a baseline measure each day, the current study aimed to further investigate the effects of multiple sessions of tDCS on WM. Specifically, we investigated the effects of three subsequent days of stimulation with anodal (20 min, 1 mA) versus sham tDCS (1 min, 1 mA) over lDLPFC (with a right supraorbital reference) paired with a challenging verbal WM task. WM performance was measured with a verbal WM updating task (the letter n-back) in the stimulation sessions and several WM transfer tasks (different letter set n-back, spatial n-back, operation span) before and 2 days after stimulation. Anodal tDCS over lDLPFC enhanced WM performance in the first stimulation session, an effect that remained visible 24 hr later. However, no further gains of anodal tDCS were observed in the second and third stimulation sessions, nor did benefits transfer to otherWMtasks at the group level. Yet, interestingly, post hoc individual difference analyses revealed that in the anodal stimulation group the extent of change in WM performance on the first day of stimulation predicted pre to post changes on both the verbal and the spatial transfer task. Notably, this relationship was not observed in the sham group. Performance of two individuals worsened during anodal stimulation and on the transfer tasks. Together, these findings suggest that repeated anodal tDCS over lDLPFC combined with a challenging WM task may be an effective method to enhance domainindependent WM functioning in some individuals, but not others, or can even impair WM. They thus call for a thorough investigation into individual differences in tDCS respondence as well as further research into the design of multisession tDCS protocols that may be optimal for boosting cognition across a wide range of individuals.
机译：经颅直流刺激（TDCS）是一种有前途的神经认知增强的工具。几项研究表明，只有左侧背侧PFC（LDLPFC）的单一会议TDC可以改善健康成人中工作记忆（WM）的核心认知功能。然而，最近的研究结合了与口头WM培训的LDLPFC上的多次阳极TDCS的研究没有观察到TDC在随后的刺激会议上的额外福利，也不涉及到新型WM任务的福利转移。使用增强的刺激协议以及每天包含基线测量的设计，目前的研究旨在进一步研究多次TDCS对WM的影响。具体而言，我们研究了三个随后的刺激刺激（20分钟，1 mA）与Shem TDC（1 min，1 mA）的刺激的影响，与挑战口头WM任务配对。通过刺激会话中的口头WM更新任务（字母N-Back）测量WM性能，并且在刺激后2天之前和2天之前和2天的几个WM转移任务（不同字母设置N-Back，Spatial N-Back，操作Span）。 anodal TDCS通过LDLPFC增强了第一个刺激会话中的WM性能，效果仍然可见24小时。但是，在第二和第三刺激会议中没有观察到anoDal TDC的进一步收益，也没有将在组级的其他WMTAS转移到其他WMTAS。然而，有趣的是，HOC个人差异分析透露，在阳极刺激组中，刺激第一天的WM表现的变化程度预测了口头和空间转移任务的预测。值得注意的是，在假群中未观察到这种关系。在阳极刺激和转移任务期间，两个人的性能恶化。这些发现表明，在LDLPFC上重复的anoDal TDC与挑战的WM任务组合可以是增强在某些个人中的DomainEndependent WM功能的有效方法，而不是其他人，或者甚至可以损害WM。因此，他们要求彻底调查TDCS受访者的个体差异，以及进一步研究多次聊天TDCS协议的设计，这对于促进各种各样的人来说可能是最佳的。

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