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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural History >The paradox of plows and productivity: an agronomic comparison of cereal grain production under Iroquois hoe culture and European plow culture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
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The paradox of plows and productivity: an agronomic comparison of cereal grain production under Iroquois hoe culture and European plow culture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

机译：犁与生产力的悖论：在易洛魁头文化和17世纪和18世纪欧洲犁耕文化下谷物生产的农艺比较。

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Iroquois maize farmers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries produced three to five times more grain per acre than wheat farmers in Europe. The higher productivity of Iroquois agriculture can be attributed to two factors. First, the absence of plows in the western hemisphere allowed Iroquois farmers to maintain high levels of soil organic matter, critical for grain yields. Second, maize has a higher yield potential than wheat because of its C4 photosynthetic pathway and lower protein content. However, tillage alone accounted for a significant portion of the yield advantage of the Iroquois farmers. When the Iroquois were removed from their territories at the end of the eighteenth century, US farmers occupied and plowed these lands. Within fifty years, maize yields in five counties of western New York dropped to less than thirty bushels per acre. They rebounded when US farmers adopted practices that countered the harmful effects of plowing.
机译：在十七，十八世纪，易洛魁人的玉米种植者每英亩的谷物产量是欧洲小麦种植者的三至五倍。易洛魁族农业的较高生产率可以归因于两个因素。首先，西半球没有犁，易洛魁族的农民能够保持高水平的土壤有机质，这对谷物产量至关重要。其次，由于玉米具有C4的光合作用途径和较低的蛋白质含量，因此具有比小麦更高的单产潜力。但是，仅耕种占易洛魁族农民单产的很大一部分。在18世纪末，易洛魁族人从其领土上移走时，美国农民占领并耕种了这些土地。在五十年内，纽约西部五个县的玉米单产下降到不足三十蒲式耳。当美国农民采取对抗耕作的有害影响的做法时，它们反弹了。

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