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Three-dimensional terrain modeling with multiple-source illumination

机译：具有多源照明的三维地形建模

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摘要

Three-dimensional (3D) terrain modeling based on digital elevation models (DEMs) with the use of orthographic and perspective projections is a standard procedure implemented in many commercial and open-source geoinformation systems. However, standard tools may be insufficient for 3D scientific visualization. In particular, single-source illumination of 3D models may be deficient for topographically complex terrains. We present an approach for 3D terrain modeling with multiple-source illumination in the virtual environment of the Blender free and open-source software. The approach includes the following key stages: (1) automatic creation of a polygonal object; (2) selecting an algorithm to model the 3D geometry; (3) selecting a vertical exaggeration scale; (4) selecting types, parameters, a number, and positions of light sources; (5) selecting methods for generating shadows; (6) selecting a shading method for the 3D model; (7) selecting a material for the 3D model surface; (8) overlaying a texture on the 3D model; (9) setting a virtual camera; and (10) rendering the 3D model. To illustrate the approach, we processed a test DEM extracted from the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean version 3.0 (IBCAO 3.0). The approach is currently being used to develop a system for geomorphometric modeling of the Arctic Ocean floor.
机译：基于数字高度模型（DEMS）的三维（3D）地形建模在使用正交和透视投影中是在许多商业和开源地理信息系统中实现的标准程序。然而，标准工具可能不足以3D科学可视化。特别地，3D模型的单源照射可能对地形复杂的地形缺乏。我们提出了一种在搅拌机的虚拟环境中具有多源照明的3D地形建模方法。该方法包括以下关键阶段：（1）自动创建多边形对象; （2）选择一种模拟3D几何的算法; （3）选择垂直夸张尺度; （4）选择光源的类型，参数，数字和位置; （5）选择生成阴影的方法; （6）选择3D模型的着色方法; （7）选择3D模型表面的材料; （8）覆盖3D模型上的纹理; （9）设置虚拟相机; （10）渲染3D模型。为了说明这种方法，我们处理了从北极海洋3.0（IBCAO 3.0）的国际浴室图表中提取的测试DEM。该方法目前用于开发北极海底的地形造型系统。

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