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Why do people fare evade? A global shift in fare evasion research

机译：为什么人们逃避？ 逃号研究的全球转变

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Fare evasion is a significant concern for most transit authorities. The traditional approach to fare compliance has focussed on modifying the physical control of ticketing or ticket inspection rates. Yet recently the perspective on fare evasion has begun to shift toward profiling the fare evader or understanding the customer motivations to fare evade. This paper uses a literature review method to document the characteristics of these three perspectives on fare evasion: the conventional transit system perspective, the customer profiling perspective and the customer motivations perspective. We find that the conventional transit system perspective, although straightforward to measure and control, has its limits particularly in "open" transit systems. The customer profiling perspective attempts to identify, based on demographics, which customers are more likely to fare evade. However this perspective has little use beyond profiling and is ethically questionable. The customer motivations perspective provides a richer understanding of how customers define fare evasion and what attitudes, social norms and circumstances motivates them to fare evade. Considering that between 20% and 40% of a city's residents admit to fare evading at some point, understanding these complex motivations can help improve revenue compliance at a time when most governments heavily subsidise their transit systems.
机译：逃价是对大多数过境机构的重要关注。传统票价的责任方法侧重于修改票务或票证检查率的物理控制。然而，最近，逃价的观点已经开始转向征服逃避者或了解客户的逃避客户的动力。本文采用了文献综述方法来记录这三个视角的特征在票价逃货：传统的过境系统视角，客户分析视角和客户的动机视角。我们发现传统的过境系统的角度来看，虽然直接测量和控制，但特别是在“开放”的过境系统中的限制。根据人口统计学，客户的分析视角试图识别，客户更有可能逃避票价。然而，这种观点几乎没有超越分析，并且是道德上的。客户的动机观点提供了对客户如何定义逃号以及有什么态度，社会规范和环境激励他们逃避票价的理解。考虑到在城市居民的20％和40％之间承认在某些时候逃避票价，了解这些复杂的动机可以在大多数政府大量补贴其过境系统时，有助于提高收入合规性。

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