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Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Characteristics of Electrified Snowfall Events

机译:电气化降雪活动的地静止闪电映射特征

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This study examines characteristics of lightning in snowfall events (i.e., thundersnow, TSSN) from the perspective of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) merged Snowfall Rate (mSFR) product. A thundersnow detection algorithm (TDA) was derived from the GLM and mSFR that resulted in a probability of detection (POD) of 66.7% when compared to the aviation routine weather report (METAR) reports of TSSN. However, using the TDA an additional 2175 lightning flashes within detected snowfall were identified that were not observed by the METAR reports, indicating that TSSN has been under reported in previous literature. TSSN flashes observed by GLM have mean flash areas, durations, and total optical energy outputs of 754 km(2), 402 ms, and 1342 fJ, which are between the 50th and 99th percentile values for all flashes within the GLM field of view. A comparison with data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) indicated that the NLDN had at least one cloud or ground flash detection in 1709 of the 2214 flashes observed by GLM in snowfall. An average of 5.85 NLDN flashes was assigned to a single GLM flash when the NLDN flash data were constrained by the GLM flash duration and spatial footprint. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) differences in flash area and flash energy were found between flashes that were observed by the NLDN and those that were not. Additionally, when GLM was combined with the NLDN, at least 11.1% of flashes involved a tall human-made object like an antenna or wind turbine.
机译:本研究从地静止闪电映射映射(GLM)和国家环境卫星数据和信息服务(NESDIS)合并降雪率(MSFR)产品,检查降雪事件(即,雷尼斯诺,TSSN)中闪电的特征与GLM和MSFR导出,导致与TSSN的航空公司天气预报(METAR)报告相比,从GLM和MSFR导出66.7%的检测概率(POD)。然而,在检测到的降雪中使用TDA额外的2175次闪电闪烁,测定了Metar报告未观察到的,表明TSSN已在以前的文献中报告。由GLM观察到的TSSN闪光有2754km(2),402ms和1342 FJ的闪光区域,持续时间和总光能输出,这在GLM视野中的所有闪烁的50和第99百分位数之间。与来自国家雷电检测网络(NLDN)的数据的比较表明,NLDN在降雪中观察到的2214闪光的1709年至少有一个云或地面闪光检测。当NLDN闪存数据受到GLM闪光灯持续时间和空间足迹时,平均为单个GLM闪光灯分配到单个GLM闪光灯。在NLDN观察到的闪光和那些没有的闪光之间发现了统计学意义(P <0.01)闪光区和闪光能量。另外,当GLM与NLDN结合时,至少11.1%的闪光涉及像天线或风力涡轮机等高大的人造物体。

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