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Seabirds During Arctic Polar Night: Underwater Observations from Svalbard Archipelago, Norway

机译：北极极性夜晚的海鸟：来自挪威萨尔巴德群岛的水下观察

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摘要

Visually-oriented predators, such as seabirds, are highly light dependent, and thus their presence and activity under continuously dark conditions of Arctic polar night pose a number of questions about the strategies and mechanisms they use to find prey. Here, opportunistic observations of the behaviors of Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia; n = 4) and juvenile Black Guillemots (Cepphus grylle; n = 5) were made in the ocean around Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard Archipelago, off the coast of Norway. These observations were made between 15-23 January 2014-2017 during the darkest period of the polar night. Underwater observations recorded on 23 January 2014 and 19-20 January 2015 revealed that individual birds seemed to be attracted to artificial light. They actively foraged in the sea within the beam of scuba diver lights and harbor lamps indicating that artificial light may create additional feeding opportunities for seabirds present in the area. Other observations of Dovekies (Alle alle; n = 2) made on 15-16 January 2016 may indicate that not all seabird species exhibit such an adaptable behavior. Various seabird reactions might be caused also by different age and intra-specific variation among individuals; however, due to the limited number of observations, future studies are needed to increase our understanding of these behaviors.
机译：面向视觉导向的捕食者，例如海鸟，依赖高度光线，因此它们在北极极性夜晚的连续黑暗条件下的存在和活性对他们用来寻找猎物的策略和机制的一些问题。在这里，机会观察厚嘴穆尔斯（Uria Lomvia; n = 4）和少年黑孕蛋（Cepphus gryle; n = 5）的行为是在挪威海岸的海洋周围的海洋中制造的。在2014 - 2017年1月15日至23日期间在极性夜晚的最黑暗时期进行了这些观察。 2014年1月23日和2015年1月23日记录的水下观察显示，各个鸟类似乎被人造光所吸引。他们在海上潜水员灯和港口灯具中积极觅食，表明人造光可能会为该地区的海鸟制造额外的喂养机会。 2016年1月15日至16日鸽子（Alle Astle; N = 2）的其他观察可能表明并非所有海鸟物种都表现出这样一种适应性行为。各种海鸟反应也可能是由个体的不同年龄和特定的特定变异;但是，由于观察数量有限，需要未来的研究来增加我们对这些行为的理解。

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