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首页> 外文期刊>Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment >Assessing the Recovery of Lakes in Southeastern Canada from the Effects of Acidic Deposition
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Assessing the Recovery of Lakes in Southeastern Canada from the Effects of Acidic Deposition

机译：从酸性沉积的影响评估加拿大东南部湖泊的恢复

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Reductions in North American sulfur dioxide (SO_2) emissions promoted expectations that aquatic ecosystems in southeastern Canada would soon recover from acidification. Only lakes located near smelters that have dramatically reduced emissions approach this expectation. Lakes in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Ontario affected only by long-range sources show a general decline in sulfate (SO_4~(2-)) concentrations, but with a relatively smaller compensating increase in pH or alkalinity. Several factors may contribute to the constrained (or most likely delayed) acidity response: declining base cation concentrations, drought-induced mobilization of SO_4~(2-), damaged internal alkalinity generation mechanisms, and perhaps increasing nitrate or organic anion levels. Monitoring to detect biological recovery in southeastern Canada is extremely limited, but where it occurs, there is little evidence of recovery outside of the Sudbury/Killarney area. Both the occurrence of Atlantic salmon in Nova Scotia rivers and the breeding success of Common Loons in Ontario lakes are in fact declining although factors beyond acidification also play a role. Chemical and biological models predict that much greater SO_2 emission reductions than those presently required by legislation will be needed to promote widespread chemical and latterly, biological recovery. It may be unrealistic to expect that pre-industrial chemical and biological conditions can ever be re-established in many lakes of southeastern Canada.
机译：北美二氧化硫（SO_2）排放量的减少促使人们期望加拿大东南部的水生生态系统将很快从酸化中恢复过来。只有位于冶炼厂附近且排放量大大减少的湖泊才能达到这一预期。大西洋省份，魁北克省和安大略省的湖泊仅受远程污染影响，其硫酸盐（SO_4〜（2-））浓度普遍下降，但pH值或碱度的补偿增加相对较小。几个因素可能导致酸度响应受约束（或最有可能延迟）：碱阳离子浓度下降，干旱引起的SO_4〜（2-）迁移，内部碱度生成机制受损，以及硝酸盐或有机阴离子水平升高。在加拿大东南部进行监测以检测生物恢复的监测非常有限，但是在发生这种恢复的地方，几乎没有证据显示萨德伯里/基拉尼地区以外的生物恢复。尽管除酸化以外的其他因素也起作用，但新斯科舍省河中大西洋鲑鱼的发生和安大略湖中普通懒猴的繁殖成功率实际上都在下降。化学和生物学模型预测，为促进广泛的化学和后来的生物恢复，将需要比目前立法所要求的减少更多的SO_2排放。期望能够在加拿大东南部的许多湖泊中恢复工业前的化学和生物学条件可能是不现实的。

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