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首页> 外文期刊>Trends in Ecology & Evolution >The Design of Life's Interactions: Biomechanics as a Key Tool in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
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The Design of Life's Interactions: Biomechanics as a Key Tool in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

机译：生活的互动设计：生物力学作为生态学和进化生物学的关键工具

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Denny uses first principles derived from the mechanics of the essential building blocks of nature, atoms and molecules, to explain concepts ranging from fluid dynamics to the fracture mechanics of composite materials. He goes on to provide examples of how an ecomechanics approach can be used to tackle real-world problems in ecology. Although extremely enticing and intuitively pleasing for the engineers that we humans are, this approach quickly risks entering into the fallacy of a perfectly adapted world [6]. In nature, selection can work only with the building blocks available, within the design limits set largely by Newtonian mechanics. So the approach is at its most useful and interesting in setting the boundaries and limits of organismal design. When applied properly, a mechanical or engineering approach can give powerful and unique insights into the design of organisms, the interactions between them, and even problems of community ecology as argued cogently by Denny. However, the one pitfall of this approach is that selection does not act on the building blocks themselves but rather on the function of the organism as a whole [7]. Denny is clearly aware of these limitations and often explicitly states them at the end of a chapter. For example, the shapes of corals often depart from the optimal shapes predicted by mechanics as the‘truly optimal shape is that which best serves all an organism's needs’ (p. 340).
机译：Denny采用了来自大自然，原子和分子基本结构块的机制的第一原理，以解释从流体动力学到复合材料的断裂力学的概念。他继续说明如何用于如何用于解决生态学中的真实问题。虽然非常诱人和直观地令人愉悦，但我们对我们人类的工程师来说，这种方法很快就会冒着完美适应世界的谬误[6]。本质上，选择只能在牛顿力学的设计限制范围内与可用的构建块一起工作。因此，这种方法是最有用和有趣的设定有机体设计的界限。当适当施加时，机械或工程方法可以为生物体设计提供强大而独特的见解，它们之间的相互作用，甚至是社区生态问题，如丹尼所说的。然而，这种方法的一个陷阱是选择并没有在建筑物上行动，而是对整个生物体的功能[7]。丹尼清楚地意识到这些限制，并且经常在一章结束时明确地说明它们。例如，珊瑚的形状经常从机制预测的最佳形状作为“最佳形状”，这是最能服务的所有有机体的需求'（第340页）。

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