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A Cytological Study of Anther and Pollen Development in Chinquapin (Castanea henryi)

机译：Chinquapin（Castanea Henryi）中花药和花粉发育的细胞学研究

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摘要

The normal development of anthers and the formation of functional pollen are the prerequisites for successful pollination and fertilization. In this study, we observed dynamic changes in inflorescence and anther development in the chinquapin (Castanea henryi) using stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We found that cytokinesis during meiosis in microsporocytes was of the simultaneous type, and that the tetrads were mainly tetrahedral. Mature pollen grains contained two cells with three germ pores. The anther wall was of the basic type and composed of epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, and tapetum. Mature anthers had no middle layer and tapetum. The tapetum was of the glandular type. At the early microspore stage, a large number of starch granules appeared in the endothecium, which was deformed at the late microspore stage. Lipid droplets appeared in tapetum during the early microspore stage, and a few lipid droplets were still found during tapetum degeneration. The mature pollen accumulated a large amount of starch and lipids. These findings demonstrated that the anther wall provides nutrients and protection for pollen development. There is relatively stable correspondence between the external morphological characteristics of male flowers and internal structure of anther development.
机译：花药的正常发展和功能花粉的形成是成功授粉和施肥的先决条件。在这项研究中，我们使用立体镜检查，光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了Chinquapin（Castanea Henryi）中花序和花药的动态变化。我们发现在微胞细胞中减弱的细胞因子是同时型的，并且Tetrads主要是四面体。成熟花粉颗粒含有两种细胞，三种细胞毛孔。花药壁是基本类型，由表皮，内皮，中间层和绦虫组成。成熟的花药没有中间层和绦虫。 Tapetum是腺体类型。在早期的微孔阶段，内皮中出现了大量的淀粉颗粒，其在晚微孔阶段变形。在早期微孔阶段期间绦虫中出现的脂质液滴，并且在Tapetum变性期间仍然存在一些脂质液滴。成熟花粉累积了大量的淀粉和脂质。这些研究结果表明，花药壁为花粉发育提供营养和保护。雄性花卉外部形态特征与花药开发内部结构之间存在相对稳定的对应关系。

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