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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society >A morphometric analysis of the forelimb in the genus Tapirus (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) reveals influences of habitat, phylogeny and size through time and across geographical space
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A morphometric analysis of the forelimb in the genus Tapirus (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) reveals influences of habitat, phylogeny and size through time and across geographical space

机译：Tapirus（Perissodactyla：Tapiridae）中的前肢的形态学分析显示栖息地，系统发育和大小通过时间和地理空间的影响

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摘要

The limb skeleton of tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapirus spp.) was traditionally thought to exhibit morphological variation only as a result of changes in body size. Here, we test whether forelimb variation exhibited by Tapirus is solely an artefact of size fluctuations through the tapir fossil record or whether it is influenced by habitat differences. We investigated the forelimb osteology of 12 species of Tapirus using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics on laser surface scans. Aligned shape coordinates were regressed against intrinsic bone size to account for allometry. Taxa of equivalent body mass exhibited significant differences in size-corrected bone shape. Stable carbon isotope values were averaged per species as a proxy for habitat density. Multivariate regressions of the humerus, pisiform, cuneiform, unciform, third and fourth metacarpals revealed no significant influence of size on shape. The lateral carpals (pisiform, cuneiform, unciform) demonstrated variation across the habitat density gradient. Observed variation is likely driven by species in the extinct subgenus Helicotapirus tapirs, which inhabited drier, more open woodland than modern taxa. We conclude that tapir forelimb variation is not exclusively an artefact of body size, with lateral wrist bones displaying notable differences across a habitat density gradient, beyond that resulting from size and phylogenetic effects.
机译：Tapirs（Perissodactyla：Tapirus SPP）的肢体骨架传统上被认为只有身体大小的变化，只能表现出形态变异。在这里，我们测试Tapirus表现出的前肢变异是通过Tap r化石记录的尺寸波动的人工制品，或者是否受到栖息地差异的影响。我们在激光表面扫描上使用三维几何形态学测定方法研究了12种Tapirus的前肢骨质学。对齐的形状坐标针对固有骨骼尺寸来回归，以占分级。等效体重的分类群表现出尺寸矫正骨骼形状的显着差异。稳定的碳同位素值每种物种将平均为栖息地密度的代理。 Humerus，Pisiform，楔形状，非统计，第三和第四个髓质的多变量回归显示出尺寸对形状的显着影响。横向腕骨（Pisiform，楔形状，非圆形）在栖息地密度梯度上显示出变化。观察到的变异可能是由灭绝的Subgageus Helicotapirus Tapirs的物种驱动，其中居住干燥，更开放的林地比现代的分类群。我们得出结论，Tapir前肢变化不是专门的身体尺寸的人工制品，横向腕骨骨骼显示出栖息地密度梯度的显着差异，超出尺寸和系统发育效应。

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