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Effect of binary combinations of selected toxic compounds on growth and fermentation of Kluyveromyces marxianus

机译：几种有毒化合物的二元组合对马克斯克鲁维酵母生长和发酵的影响

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摘要

The inhibitory effects of various lignocellulose degradation products on glucose fermentation by the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus were studied in batch cultures. The toxicity of the aromatic alcohol catechol and two aromatic aldehydes (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin) was investigated in binary combinations. The aldehyde furfural that usually is present in relatively high concentration in hydrolyzates from pentose degradation was also tested. Experiments were conducted by combining agents at concentrations that individually caused 25% inhibition of growth. Compared to the relative toxicity of the individual compounds, combinations of furfural with catechol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were additive (50% inhibition of growth). The other binary combinations assayed (catechol with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and vanillin with catechol, furfural, or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) showed synergistic effect on toxicity and caused a 60-90% decrease in cell mass production. The presence of aldehydes in the fermentation medium strongly inhibited cell growth and ethanol production. Kluyveromyces marxianus reduces aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols to mitigate the toxicity of these compounds. The total reduction of aldehydes was needed to start ethanol production. Vanillin, in binary combination, was dramatically toxic and was the only compound for which inhibition could not be overcome by yeast strain assimilation, causing a 90% reduction in both cell growth and fermentation.
机译：在分批培养中研究了各种木质纤维素降解产物对耐热酵母马克斯克鲁维酵母的葡萄糖发酵的抑制作用。以二元组合形式研究了芳香醇邻苯二酚和两种芳香醛（4-羟基苯甲醛和香兰素）的毒性。还测试了戊糖降解产生的水解产物中通常相对较高浓度的醛糠醛。通过以各自引起25％的生长抑制的浓度组合试剂来进行实验。与单个化合物的相对毒性相比，糠醛与儿茶酚和4-羟基苯甲醛的组合具有加和作用（抑制50％的生长）。测定的其他二元组合（邻苯二酚和4-羟基苯甲醛，以及香兰素与邻苯二酚，糠醛或4-羟基苯甲醛）对毒性具有协同作用，并导致细胞量减少60-90％。发酵培养基中醛的存在强烈抑制细胞生长和乙醇产生。马克斯克鲁维酵母将醛还原为其相应的醇，以减轻这些化合物的毒性。为了开始生产乙醇，需要将醛类全部还原。香兰素以二元组合形式具有极强的毒性，是唯一无法通过酵母菌株同化克服抑制作用的化合物，从而导致细胞生长和发酵减少90％。

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