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Prenatal influences on temperament development: The role of environmental epigenetics

机译:对气质发展的产前影响:环境表观遗传学的作用

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摘要

This review summarizes current knowledge and outlines future directions relevant to questions concerning environmental epigenetics and the processes that contribute to temperament development. Links between prenatal adversity, epigenetic programming, and early manifestations of temperament are important in their own right, also informing our understanding of biological foundations for social–emotional development. In addition, infant temperament attributes represent key etiological factors in the onset of developmental psychopathology, and studies elucidating their prenatal foundations expand our understanding of developmental origins of health and disease. Prenatal adversity can take many forms, and this overview is focused on the environmental effects of stress, toxicants, substance use/psychotropic medication, and nutrition. Dysregulation associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity–disruptive disorders was noted in the context of maternal substance use and toxicant exposures during gestation, as well as stress. Although these links can be made based on the existing literature, currently few studies directly connect environmental influences, epigenetic programming, and changes in brain development/behavior. The chain of events starting with environmental inputs and resulting in alterations to gene expression, physiology, and behavior of the organism is driven by epigenetics. Epigenetics provides the molecular mechanism of how environmental factors impact development and subsequent health and disease, including early brain and temperament development.
机译:本综述总结了当前知识,并概述了与有关环境表观遗传学的问题的未来方向以及有助于气质发展的流程。产前逆境,表观遗传学编程和后期表现的联系在自己的权利中很重要,也向我们了解社会情绪发展的生物基础的理解。此外,婴儿气质属性代表发育精神病理学发作的关键病因因素,阐明其产前基础的研究扩大了我们对健康和疾病发育起源的理解。产前逆境可以采取许多形式,这一概述专注于压力,毒物,物质/精神药物和营养的环境影响。在妊娠期间孕产妇物质使用和毒物暴露的背景下,注意到与注意力/多动 - 破坏性障碍相关的疑难劳,以及应激。虽然这些链接可以基于现有文献进行,但目前少数研究直接连接环境影响,表观遗传编程以及脑发展/行为的变化。由环境投入开始并导致生物体的基因表达,生理学和行为改变的事件链是由表观生物学驱动的。表观遗传学提供了环境因素如何影响发展和随后的健康和疾病的分子机制,包括早期大脑和气质发展。

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