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Maternal programming: Application of a developmental psychopathology perspective

机译：母体编程：发育精神病理学观点的应用

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摘要

The fetal phase of life has long been recognized as a sensitive period of development. Here we posit that pregnancy represents a simultaneous sensitive period for the adult female with broad and persisting consequences for her health and development, including risk for psychopathology. In this review, we examine the transition to motherhood through the lens of developmental psychopathology. Specifically, we summarize the typical and atypical changes in brain and behavior that characterize the perinatal period. We highlight how the exceptional neuroplasticity exhibited by women during this life phase may account for increased vulnerability for psychopathology. Further, we discuss several modes of signaling that are available to the fetus to affect maternal phenotypes (hormones, motor activity, and gene transfer) and also illustrate how evolutionary perspectives can help explain how and why fetal functions may contribute to maternal psychopathology. The developmental psychopathology perspective has spurred advances in understanding risk and resilience for mental health in many domains. As such, it is surprising that this major epoch in the female life span has yet to benefit fully from similar applications.
机译：生命的胎儿阶段长期被认为是一个敏感的发展时期。在这里，我们认为，怀孕是成年女性的同时敏感时期，对她的健康和发育的广泛和持续持续的后果，包括心理病理学的风险。在这篇综述中，我们通过发育精神病理学的镜片来检查对母性的过渡。具体而言，我们总结了表征围产期的大脑和行为的典型和非典型变化。我们突出了在这一生命期间妇女展示的卓越神经塑料可能会占对精神病理学的脆弱性增加。此外，我们讨论胎儿可用于影响母体表型（激素，运动活性和基因转移）的几种信号，并说明进化的观点如何帮助解释胎儿功能可能有助于母体心理病理学的方式和原因。发育精神病理学观点对许多领域的心理健康的理解和恢复能力进行了刺激。因此，令人惊讶的是，女性寿命中的这个主要时期尚未从类似的应用中充分利用。

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