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Kindergarten antecedents of the developmental course of active and passive parental monitoring strategies during middle childhood and adolescence

机译：幼儿园的活跃和被动父母监测策略发展课程中的幼儿园和青春期

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Decades of research have highlighted the significance of parenting in children's development, yet few studies have focused specifically on the development of parental monitoring strategies in diverse families living in at-risk neighborhoods. The current study investigated the development of active (i.e., parental discussions and curfew rules) and passive (i.e., child communication with parents) parental monitoring strategies across different developmental periods (middle childhood and adolescence; Grades 4–5 and 7–11) as well as individual (child, parent), family, and contextual antecedents (measured in kindergarten) of this parenting behavior. Using an ecological approach, this study evaluated longitudinal data from 753 participants in the Fast Track Project, a multisite study directed at the development and prevention of conduct problems in at-risk children. Latent trajectory modeling results identified little to no mean growth in these monitoring strategies over time, suggesting that families living in at-risk environments may engage in consistent levels of monitoring strategies to ensure children's safety and well-being. Findings also identified several kindergarten antecedents of the growth factors of these parental monitoring strategies including (a) early child conduct problems; (b) parental warmth/involvement, satisfaction, and efficacy; and (c) parent–child relationship quality. These predictive effects largely highlighted the important role of early parenting behaviors on later levels of and growth in parental monitoring strategies. These findings have important implications for potential prevention and intervention targets to promote the development of parental monitoring strategies among families living in more at-risk contexts.
机译：数十年的研究突出了儿童发展中育儿的重要性，但很少有研究专注于居住在风险社区的各种家庭中的父母监测策略。目前的研究调查了积极（即，父母讨论和宵禁规则）和被动（即，与父母沟通）的被动（即，儿童沟通）跨不同发育时期的父母监测策略（中年童年和青春期; 4-5和7-11等级）以及这种养育行为的个人（儿童，父母），家庭和上下文前提（在幼儿园测量）。使用生态方法，本研究评估了快速轨道项目的753名参与者的纵向数据，该研究是在危险儿童的开展和预防方面进行的多路研究。潜伏的轨迹建模结果确定这些监测策略中没有平均增长随着时间的推移，暗示生活在风险环境中的家庭可能会从事一致的监测策略，以确保儿童的安全和福祉。调查结果还确定了这些父母监测策略的生长因素的几个幼儿园，包括（a）早期育儿问题; （b）父母的温暖/受累，满意度和疗效;和（c）亲子关系质量。这些预测效果在很大程度上强调了早期育儿行为对父母监测策略的后期和增长的重要作用。这些调查结果对潜在的预防和干预目标具有重要意义，以促进生活在更具风险环境中的家庭中的家庭监测策略的发展。

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