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首页> 外文期刊>Developmental psychology >That's Not Fair: Children's Neural Computations of Fairness and Their Impact on Resource Allocation Behaviors and Judgments
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That's Not Fair: Children's Neural Computations of Fairness and Their Impact on Resource Allocation Behaviors and Judgments

机译：这不公平：儿童的神经计算的公平性及其对资源分配行为和判断的影响

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摘要

The ability to distinguish between mere equality in resource distributions and fairness based on a broader range of contextual factors is of paramount importance in social decision making and is a critical component of morality. Children's developmental shift from viewing inequality as a dichotomous moral issue toward a more nuanced understanding of partial inequality has been well documented across middle childhood and is attributed to a host of potential theoretical underpinnings, including developing number concept, increased regard for one's social status, and a maturing concept of fairness. The current study examined the electrophysiological markers associated with children's (N = 83; 4 to 8 years of age) third-party evaluations of equal, slightly unequal, and extremely unequal resource distributions, documenting the timing of fairness considerations. It further explored the link between individual differences in these neural computations and children's allocation behaviors and judgments. Event-related potentials demonstrated an early differentiation between equality and any type of inequality reflected by a medial frontal negativity. Later (after 500 ms), extreme inequality was discriminated from equality and slight inequality. Differences in later waveforms predicted sharing and third-party contextual resource distributions, accounting for wealth and merit. These results illuminate the multifaceted nature of developing neural computations of fairness and illustrate the value of a multiple levels of analysis approach in contributing theoretical clarity toward the developmental science of moral cognition and behavior.
机译：基于更广泛的环境因素的资源分布和公平性区分的能力对社会决策至关重要，是道德的关键组成部分。儿童的发展转变从跨度童年时期为更细微的道德问题视为对部分不平等的一种分歧的道德问题，并归功于潜在的理论内在内限，包括发展数字概念，增加一个人的社会地位，以及公平成熟的概念。目前的研究检测了与儿童（N = 83; 4至8岁）相关的电生理学标志物的第三方评估，略微不平等和极度不平等的资源分配，记录了公平考虑的时间。它进一步探索了这些神经计算和儿童分配行为和判断中个体差异之间的联系。事件相关的潜力表明平等和任何类型的不等式之间的早期分化，反映了内侧正面消极性。后来（500毫秒后），极端不平等受到平等和略有不平等。后来波形的差异预测共享和第三方上下文资源分布，占财富和优点。这些结果照亮了发展公平性的神经计算的多方面性质，并说明了多水平分析方法的价值，从而有助于对道德认知和行为的发展科学产生理论清晰度。

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