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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition >Probiotics in poultry feed: A comprehensive review
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Probiotics in poultry feed: A comprehensive review

机译：家禽饲料中的益生菌：全面审查

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The use of antibiotics to maintain animal well-being, promote growth and improve efficiency has been practised for more than 50 years. However, as early as the 1950s, researchers identified concern on the development of resistant bacteria for the antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline used in turkeys and broilers respectively. These findings laid the groundwork for agricultural officials to impose stricter regulatory parameters on the use of antibiotics in poultry feeds. Probiotics are live micro-organisms included in the diet of animals as feed additives or supplements. Commonly known as a direct-fed microbial, probiotics provide beneficial properties to the host, primarily through action in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the animal. Supplementation of probiotics in the diet can improve animal health and performance, through contributions to gut health and nutrient use. For instance, supplementation of probiotics has been demonstrated to benefit farm animals in immune modulation, structural modulation and increased cytokine production, which positively affect the intestinal mucosal lining against pathogens.Bacillus subtilishas been a popular bacterium used within the industry and was shown to improve intestinal villus height. Increasing the villus height and structure of the crypts in the GIT allows for the improvement of nutrient digestion and absorption. Tight junctions maintain important defences against pathogenic bacteria and cellular homeostasis. Heat stress can be a major environmental challenge in the poultry industry. Heat stress causes the bird to fluctuate its internal core temperature beyond their comfort zone. To overcome such challenges, poultry will attempt to balance its heat production and dissipation through behavioural and physiological adaptation mechanisms.
机译：使用抗生素来维持动物福祉，促进增长，提高效率已经超过50年。然而，早在20世纪50年代，研究人员就会对火鸡和肉鸡中使用的抗生素链霉素和四环素的抗性细菌的发展鉴定了担心。这些调查结果为农业官员奠定了基础，以对家禽饲料中使用抗生素的使用施加更严格的调节参数。益生菌是动物饮食中的活性微生物作为饲料添加剂或补充剂。通常称为直接喂养的微生物，益生菌对宿主提供有益的性质，主要是通过动物的胃肠道（Git）中的作用。通过对肠系健康和养分使用的贡献来补充益生菌可以改善动物健康和性能。例如，已经证明益生菌的补充是为了使农场动物受益免疫调节，结构调节和增加的细胞因子产生，这对肠道粘膜含量产生了积极影响对抗病原体的肠粘膜粘膜.Bacillus亚芽尿，是行业中使用的流行细菌，并显示出改善肠道绒毛高度。增加Git中隐窝的绒毛高度和结构可以改善营养消化和吸收。紧密接头保持对病原细菌和细胞稳态的重要防御。热应力可能是家禽业的主要环境挑战。热应力导致鸟将其内核温度波动超出其舒适区。为了克服这些挑战，家禽将通过行为和生理适应机制试图平衡其热量生产和耗散。

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