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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Psychology >On the Boundary Conditions of Effort Losses and Effort Gains in Action Teams
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On the Boundary Conditions of Effort Losses and Effort Gains in Action Teams

机译：论行动小组的努力亏损与努力的边界条件

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While people's willingness to work hard can be reduced in teams (i.e., effort losses in teams as compared with individual work), it is less recognized that teamwork can also stimulate additional efforts (i.e., effort gains). Building on and extending existing theory, we (a) suggest an integration of these two research streams, and (b) provide evidence for team-related effort gains in action teams. In a first study, we tested our predictions by reanalyzing a field data set of 302,576 swimming performances in individual and relay races (Neugart & Richiardi, 2013). Consistent with our hypotheses, we observed a linear increase in effort across the relay. The first relay swimmers showed effort losses in the relay as compared with the individual competition whereas the remaining relay swimmers showed effort gains. However, this was only evident (a) when team members could realistically expect meaningful team outcomes in return for their performance, and (b) when the valence of these outcomes was equivalent to individual competitions. If such favorable conditions were not given, we found effort losses in team as compared with individual competitions at all relay positions. Results of a second study (N = 228) showed that the linear increase in effort across the relay was indeed attributable to the team members' serial position and not to their relative strength. Together, the studies demonstrate the motivating potential of teamwork even in the high performance contexts of action teams, such as competitive sports relays, where athletes are already highly motivated in their individual competitions.
机译：虽然人们愿意在团队中努力努力（即，与个别工作相比，团队的努力损失），但仍然认识到，团队合作也可以刺激额外的努力（即，努力收益）。我们（a）建议延伸和扩展现有理论，建议这两个研究流的整合，（b）为行动小组提供了与团队相关的努力的证据。在第一项研究中，我们通过重新分析个人和中继比赛中的302,576游泳演出（Neugart＆Richiardi，2013）来测试我们的预测。与我们的假设一致，我们观察了继电器努力的线性增加。与个体竞争相比，第一台继电器游泳运动员在继电器中展示了努力损失，而剩余的继电器游泳运动员则表现出努力提升。然而，这只是明显的（a）当团队成员可以现实地期待有意义的团队成果，以换取他们的表现，而（b）当这些结果的价值相当于个人比赛时。如果没有给予这种有利的条件，我们发现团队中的努力损失与所有中继职位的个别竞争相比。第二次研究的结果（n = 228）表明，继电器的线性增加确实可归因于团队成员的序列位置，而不是它们的相对强度。这些研究展示了团队合作的激励潜力，即使在行动团队的高性能背景下，例如竞技体育继电器，运动员已经在其个人比赛中具有高度动力。

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