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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Archaeological Science >Torque creation and force variation along the cutting edges of Acheulean handaxes: implications for tip thinning, resharpening and tranchet flake removals
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Torque creation and force variation along the cutting edges of Acheulean handaxes: implications for tip thinning, resharpening and tranchet flake removals

机译：扭矩的创作和沿着倾斜障碍的切割边缘的力量变化：对尖端变薄，重新抛弃和特拉内片移除的影响

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One of the defining characteristics of Acheulean handaxes is the presence of a substantial length of sharp cutting edge, often covering the majority or entirety of their plan-form outline. Recently, factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of handaxes for cutting have come under increased scrutiny. Most studies investigate how shape, size, symmetry and other metrics influence cutting performance characteristics. This includes investigations of edge morphology. To date, it is unknown how cutting performance may vary within an individual handaxe dependent on which aspect of its edge is used. Here, we experimentally investigate how loading capabilities (applied forces) vary along the edges of handaxes, from tip to base. Significant differences were identified dependent on the edge-point loaded, with greater forces recorded at the tip of tools relative to more proximally located edges. Notably, at similar to 20% of a handaxe's length away from the tip, loading levels were reduced by around 24%. Acheulean hominins concerned with maximising cutting stress potential during tool use should, therefore, have preferentially used the tip portion of handaxes when possible. During broader, sweeping cutting motions that use substantial lengths of cutting edge, our data suggest different portions of the edge create variable cutting-stress levels. Such differences likely derive from increases and decreases in torque creation, and the interaction between cutting forces and ergonomic relationships at the hand-tool interface. We discuss how these relationships may have influenced handaxe design during the Acheulean period, including tip focused modifications such as tranchet flake removals, thinning, and increased resharpening.
机译：仿古围绕的定义特性之一是存在大幅度的尖锐切削刃，通常覆盖其大部分或整个计划形式轮廓。最近，影响涉及剪切余量效率和有效性的因素已经提高了审查。大多数研究调查了如何如何影响切割性能特征的形状，大小，对称性和其他度量。这包括对边缘形态的调查。迄今为止，未知如何在各个辅助中变化如何在取决于其边缘的哪个方面。在这里，我们通过从尖端到基础，实验地研究如何沿着障碍边缘变化（应用力）。识别依赖于装载的边缘点的显着差异，在工具尖端相对于更近侧定位的边缘记录更大的力。值得注意的是，在类似于远离尖端的围绕的20％的围绕，装载水平降低约24％。因此，倾向ulean族有关在工具使用期间的最大化的切削应力电位应在可能的情况下优先使用倾斜尖端部分。在更广泛的情况下，使用大量切削刃的扫描切割动作，我们的数据建议边缘的不同部分产生可变的切削应力水平。这种差异可能导致扭矩创作的增加和减少，以及在手工具界面处的切割力与符合人体工程学关系之间的相互作用。我们讨论这些关系在仿古期间可能具有影响的邯郸设计，包括尖端聚焦的修改，例如Tranchet剥落，稀释和增加的Resharpening。

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